Contents:
The Quagga support on DCE enables the users to reuse routing protocol implementations of Quagga (RIPv1, RIPv2, RIPng, OSPFv2, OSPFv3, BGP, BGP+, RAadv) as models of network simulation. It reduces the time of re-implementation of the model, and potentially improve the result of the simulation since it already “actively running” in the real world.
It was started as a Google Summer of Code (GSoC) 2008 by Liu Jian with numerous contributions especially on the netlink implementation with quagga porting into ns-3-simu (former name of ns-3-dce). You can look at his effort at the link.
Quagga support on DCE does not fully support all the environment that DCE has. The following shows the limited availability of each protocol.
| Basic Mode (ns-3 stack) | Advanced Mode (ns-3-linux) | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rtadvd (zebra) | NG | OK | |
| RIPv1/v2 (ripd) | NG | OK | bind() fail |
| RIPng (ripngd) | NG | OK | send() fail |
| OSPFv2 (ospfd) | OK | OK | |
| OSPFv3 (ospf6d) | NG | OK | send() fail |
| BGP (bgpd) | OK | OK | |
| BGP+ (bgpd) | NG | OK |
Quagga support on DCE requires several packages: autoconf, automake, flex, git-core, wget, g++, libc-dbg, bison, indent, pkgconfig, libssl-dev, libsysfs-dev, gawk
You need to install the correspondent packages in advance.
$ sudo apt-get install git-core (in ubuntu/debian)
or
$ sudo yum install git (in fedora)
To install ns-3-dce-quagga, you can use bake as an installation tool as follows.
$ hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/bake bake
$ export BAKE_HOME=`pwd`/bake
$ export PATH=$PATH:$BAKE_HOME
$ export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:$BAKE_HOME
then build ns-3-dce with quagga:
mkdir dce
cd dce
bake.py configure -e dce-ns3-|version| -e dce-quagga-|version|
bake.py download
bake.py build
note that dce-quagga-1.1 is the DCE quagga module version 1.1. If you would like to use the development version of the module, you can specify dce-quagga-dev as a module name for bake.
If you want to use dce-quagga with DCE advanced mode (i.e., using Linux native network stack), you can build as following commands. This is highly recommended at this moment (2012/04/20) so that Quagga runs successfully.
mkdir dce
cd dce
bake.py configure -e dce-linux-|version| -e dce-quagga-|version|
bake.py download
bake.py build
For more information about ns-3-dce core, please refer the DCE manual.
Then you can try an example of ns-3-dce-quagga as follows:
$ cd source/ns-3-dce
$ ./test.py -s dce-quagga
...
PASS: TestSuite dce-quagga 9.775 s
1 of 1 tests passed (1 passed, 0 skipped, 0 failed, 0 crashed, 0 valgrind errors)
You can see the above PASSed test if everything goes fine. Congrats!
$ cd source/ns-3-dce
$ ./waf --run dce-zebra-simple
if everything goes fine, you would see the file “routes.log” in the current directory as follows. The routes “10.1.0.0/24” and “10.2.0.0/24” was announced by ospfd accordingly.
Time: 70s
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 - - 0
10.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 - - 1
10.2.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 - - 2
10.1.0.0 10.2.1.1 255.255.255.0 UGS 20 - - 2
10.2.0.0 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 UGS 20 - - 1
Another example of OSPF is generating pcap file.
$ cd source/ns-3-dce
$ ./waf --run dce-quagga-ospfd
You would see the following parsed output by tcpdump.
$ tcpdump -r dce-quagga-ospfd-0-0.pcap -n -vvv
:
(snip)
09:00:45.106325 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 1, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto OSPF (89), length 72, bad cksum 0 (->a55b)!)
10.0.0.2 > 10.0.0.1: OSPFv2, Database Description, length 52
Router-ID 10.0.0.2, Backbone Area, Authentication Type: none (0)
Options [External], DD Flags [Master], MTU: 65535, Sequence: 0x4b3d3b2e
Advertising Router 10.0.0.2, seq 0x80000002, age 0s, length 16
Router LSA (1), LSA-ID: 10.0.0.2
Options: [External]
The final example of OSPF is using Linux kernel stack via DCE.
$ cd source/ns-3-dce
$ ./waf --run "dce-quagga-ospfd --netStack=linux"
then, you would see the following parsed output by tcpdump.
$ tcpdump -r dce-quagga-ospfd-0-0.pcap -n -vvv
:
(snip)
09:00:45.106325 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 1, id 15116, offset 0, flags [none], proto OSPF (89), length 72)
10.0.0.2 > 10.0.0.1: OSPFv2, Database Description, length 52
Router-ID 10.0.0.2, Backbone Area, Authentication Type: none (0)
Options [External], DD Flags [Master], MTU: 1500, Sequence: 0x4b3d3b2e
Advertising Router 10.0.0.2, seq 0x80000002, age 0s, length 16
Router LSA (1), LSA-ID: 10.0.0.2
Options: [External]
In order to utilize quagga protocols in ns-3, users need to define in the scenario via ns3::QuaggaHelper.
#include "ns3/quagga-helper.h"
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
QuaggaHelper quagga;
quagga.EnableOspf (node, "10.0.0.0/8");
quagga.EnableOspfDebug (node);
quagga.EnableZebraDebug (node);
quagga.Install (node);
}
At this moment, only a limited configuration of Quagga is implemented in the QuaggaHelper. For example, if you wanna configure the “cost” parameter of OSPF link, you do have to extend QuaggaHelper (quagga-helper.cc) to generate the following configuration for example.
interface sim0
ip ospf cost 20
!
If you wanna extend the protocol by modifying the source code of Quagga, your extended binary should be located at the directory “ns-3-dce/build/bin_dce”.
(TBA)