core.py

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# -*- Mode: python; coding: utf-8 -*-
from ctypes import c_double
 
LAYOUT_ALGORITHM = "neato"  # ['neato'|'dot'|'twopi'|'circo'|'fdp'|'nop']
REPRESENT_CHANNELS_AS_NODES = 1
DEFAULT_NODE_SIZE = 1.0  # default node size in meters
DEFAULT_TRANSMISSIONS_MEMORY = (
    5  # default number of of past intervals whose transmissions are remembered
)
BITRATE_FONT_SIZE = 10
 
# internal constants, normally not meant to be changed
SAMPLE_PERIOD = 0.1
PRIORITY_UPDATE_MODEL = -100
PRIORITY_UPDATE_VIEW = 200
 
import platform
import warnings
 
if platform.system() == "Windows":
    SHELL_FONT = "Lucida Console 9"
else:
    SHELL_FONT = "Luxi Mono 10"
 
import math
import os
import sys
import threading
 
try:
    import pygraphviz
except ImportError:
    print("Pygraphviz is required by the visualizer module and could not be found")
    exit(1)
 
try:
    import cairo
except ImportError:
    print("Pycairo is required by the visualizer module and could not be found")
    exit(1)
 
try:
    import gi
except ImportError:
    print("PyGObject is required by the visualizer module and could not be found")
    exit(1)
 
try:
    import svgitem
except ImportError:
    svgitem = None
 
try:
    gi.require_version("GooCanvas", "2.0")
    gi.require_version("Gtk", "3.0")
    gi.require_version("Gdk", "3.0")
    gi.require_foreign("cairo")
    from gi.repository import Gdk, GLib, GObject, GooCanvas, Gtk, Pango
 
    from . import hud
except ImportError as e:
    _import_error = e
else:
    _import_error = None
 
try:
    from . import ipython_view
except ImportError:
    ipython_view = None
 
from .base import (
    PIXELS_PER_METER,
    InformationWindow,
    Link,
    PyVizObject,
    load_plugins,
    lookup_netdevice_traits,
    plugins,
    register_plugin,
    transform_distance_canvas_to_simulation,
    transform_distance_simulation_to_canvas,
    transform_point_canvas_to_simulation,
    transform_point_simulation_to_canvas,
)
 
 
## Node class
class Node(PyVizObject):
    ## @var visualizer
    #  visualier object
    ## @var node_index
    #  node index
    ## @var canvas_item
    #  canvas item
    ## @var links
    #  links
    ## @var _has_mobility
    #  has mobility model
    ## @var _selected
    #  is selected
    ## @var _highlighted
    #  is highlighted
    ## @var _color
    #  color
    ## @var _size
    #  size
    ## @var menu
    #  menu
    ## @var svg_item
    #  svg item
    ## @var svg_align_x
    #  svg align X
    ## @var svg_align_y
    #  svg align Y
    ## @var _label
    #  label
    ## @var _label_canvas_item
    #  label canvas
    ## @var highlighted
    #  highlighted property
    ## @var selected
    #  selected property
    ## @var on_enter_notify_event
    #  on_enter_notify_event function
    ## @var on_leave_notify_event
    #  on_leave_notify_event function
 
    ## signal emitted whenever a tooltip is about to be shown for the node
    ## the first signal parameter is a python list of strings, to which
    ## information can be appended
    __gsignals__ = {
        "query-extra-tooltip-info": (GObject.SignalFlags.RUN_LAST, None, (object,)),
    }
 
    def __init__(self, visualizer, node_index):
        """! Initialize function.
        @param self The object pointer.
        @param visualizer visualizer object
        @param node_index node index
        """
        super(Node, self).__init__()
 
        self.visualizer = visualizer
        self.node_index = node_index
        self.canvas_item = GooCanvas.CanvasEllipse()
        self.canvas_item.pyviz_object = self
        self.links = []
        self._has_mobility = None
        self._selected = False
        self._highlighted = False
        self._color = 0x808080FF
        self._size = DEFAULT_NODE_SIZE
        self.canvas_item.connect("enter-notify-event", self.on_enter_notify_event)
        self.canvas_item.connect("leave-notify-event", self.on_leave_notify_event)
        self.menu = None
        self.svg_item = None
        self.svg_align_x = None
        self.svg_align_y = None
        self._label = None
        self._label_canvas_item = None
 
        self._update_appearance()  # call this last
 
    def set_svg_icon(self, file_base_name, width=None, height=None, align_x=0.5, align_y=0.5):
        """!
        Set a background SVG icon for the node.
 
        @param file_base_name: base file name, including .svg
        extension, of the svg file.  Place the file in the folder
        src/contrib/visualizer/resource.
 
        @param width: scale to the specified width, in meters
        @param height: scale to the specified height, in meters
 
        @param align_x: horizontal alignment of the icon relative to
        the node position, from 0 (icon fully to the left of the node)
        to 1.0 (icon fully to the right of the node)
 
        @param align_y: vertical alignment of the icon relative to the
        node position, from 0 (icon fully to the top of the node) to
        1.0 (icon fully to the bottom of the node)
 
        @return a ValueError exception if invalid dimensions.
 
        """
        if width is None and height is None:
            raise ValueError("either width or height must be given")
        rsvg_handle = svgitem.rsvg_handle_factory(file_base_name)
        x = self.canvas_item.props.center_x
        y = self.canvas_item.props.center_y
        self.svg_item = svgitem.SvgItem(x, y, rsvg_handle)
        self.svg_item.props.parent = self.visualizer.canvas.get_root_item()
        self.svg_item.props.pointer_events = GooCanvas.CanvasPointerEvents.NONE
        self.svg_item.lower(None)
        self.svg_item.props.visibility = GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.VISIBLE_ABOVE_THRESHOLD
        if width is not None:
            self.svg_item.props.width = transform_distance_simulation_to_canvas(width)
        if height is not None:
            self.svg_item.props.height = transform_distance_simulation_to_canvas(height)
 
        # threshold1 = 10.0/self.svg_item.props.height
        # threshold2 = 10.0/self.svg_item.props.width
        # self.svg_item.props.visibility_threshold = min(threshold1, threshold2)
 
        self.svg_align_x = align_x
        self.svg_align_y = align_y
        self._update_svg_position(x, y)
        self._update_appearance()
 
    def set_label(self, label):
        """!
        Set a label for the node.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param label: label to set
 
        @return: an exception if invalid parameter.
        """
        assert isinstance(label, basestring)
        self._label = label
        self._update_appearance()
 
    def _update_svg_position(self, x, y):
        """!
        Update svg position.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param x: x position
        @param y: y position
        @return none
        """
        w = self.svg_item.width
        h = self.svg_item.height
        self.svg_item.set_properties(
            x=(x - (1 - self.svg_align_x) * w), y=(y - (1 - self.svg_align_y) * h)
        )
 
    def tooltip_query(self, tooltip):
        """!
        Query tooltip.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param tooltip: tooltip
        @return none
        """
        self.visualizer.simulation.lock.acquire()
        try:
            ns3_node = ns.NodeList.GetNode(self.node_index)
            ipv4 = ns3_node.GetObject[ns.Ipv4]().__deref__()
            ipv6 = ns3_node.GetObject[ns.Ipv6]().__deref__()
 
            name = "<b><u>Node %i</u></b>" % self.node_index
            node_name = ns.Names.FindName(ns3_node)
            if len(node_name) != 0:
                name += " <b>(" + node_name + ")</b>"
 
            lines = [name]
            lines.append("")
 
            self.emit("query-extra-tooltip-info", lines)
 
            mobility = ns3_node.__deref__().GetObject[ns.MobilityModel]()
            if mobility:
                mobility_model_name = mobility.__deref__().GetInstanceTypeId().GetName()
                lines.append("  <b>Mobility Model</b>: %s" % mobility_model_name)
 
            for devI in range(ns3_node.GetNDevices()):
                lines.append("")
                lines.append("  <u>NetDevice %i:</u>" % devI)
                dev = ns3_node.GetDevice(devI)
                name = ns.Names.FindName(dev)
                if name:
                    lines.append("    <b>Name:</b> %s" % name)
                devname = dev.GetInstanceTypeId().GetName()
                lines.append("    <b>Type:</b> %s" % devname)
 
                # Lr-Wpan devices have both 16 bit (short) and 64 bit (extended) addresses unlike other
                # NetDevices. These are extracted directed from the MAC layer.
                if devname == "ns3::lrwpan::LrWpanNetDevice":
                    lines.append(
                        "    <b>MAC short address:</b> %s" % (dev.GetMac().GetShortAddress(),)
                    )
                    lines.append(
                        "    <b>MAC extended address:</b> %s" % (dev.GetMac().GetExtendedAddress(),)
                    )
                elif devname == "ns3::SixLowPanNetDevice":
                    mac48Addr = ns.Mac48Address.ConvertFrom(dev.GetAddress())
                    lines.append("    <b>MAC Address:</b> %s (Generated)" % (mac48Addr,))
                else:
                    mac48Addr = ns.Mac48Address.ConvertFrom(dev.GetAddress())
                    lines.append("    <b>MAC Address:</b> %s" % (mac48Addr,))
 
                if ipv4:
                    ipv4_idx = ipv4.GetInterfaceForDevice(dev)
                    if ipv4_idx != -1:
                        addresses = [
                            "%s/%s (Subnet Mask: %s)"
                            % (  # Note, Mask and prefix functions names might change. See !2645
                                ipv4.GetAddress(ipv4_idx, i).GetLocal(),
                                ipv4.GetAddress(ipv4_idx, i).GetMask().GetPrefixLength(),
                                ipv4.GetAddress(ipv4_idx, i).GetMask(),
                            )
                            for i in range(ipv4.GetNAddresses(ipv4_idx))
                        ]
                        lines.append("    <b>IPv4 Addresses:</b> %s" % "; ".join(addresses))
                if ipv6:
                    ipv6_idx = ipv6.GetInterfaceForDevice(dev)
                    if ipv6_idx != -1:
                        n = ipv6.GetNAddresses(ipv6_idx)
 
                        if n > 0:
                            # First address on the same line as title
                            entry = ipv6.GetAddress(ipv6_idx, 0)
                            first_addr = "%s%s" % (entry.GetAddress(), entry.GetPrefix())
                            lines.append("    <b>IPv6 Addresses:</b> %s" % first_addr)
 
                        # Remaining addresses aligned under the first address
                        for i in range(1, n):
                            entry = ipv6.GetAddress(ipv6_idx, i)
                            addr = "%s%s" % (entry.GetAddress(), entry.GetPrefix())
                            lines.append("                                     %s" % addr)
 
            tooltip.set_markup("\n".join(lines))
        finally:
            self.visualizer.simulation.lock.release()
 
    def on_enter_notify_event(self, view, target, event):
        """!
        On Enter event handle.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param view: view
        @param target: target
        @param event: event
        @return none
        """
 
        ## highlighted property
        self.highlighted = True
 
    def on_leave_notify_event(self, view, target, event):
        """!
        On Leave event handle.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param view: view
        @param target: target
        @param event: event
        @return none
        """
        self.highlighted = False
 
    def _set_selected(self, value):
        """!
        Set selected function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param value: selected value
        @return none
        """
        self._selected = value
        self._update_appearance()
 
    def _get_selected(self):
        """!
        Get selected function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @return selected status
        """
        return self._selected
 
    selected = property(_get_selected, _set_selected)
 
    def _set_highlighted(self, value):
        """!
        Set highlighted function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param value: selected value
        @return none
        """
        self._highlighted = value
        self._update_appearance()
 
    def _get_highlighted(self):
        """!
        Get highlighted function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @return highlighted status
        """
        return self._highlighted
 
    highlighted = property(_get_highlighted, _set_highlighted)
 
    def set_size(self, size):
        """!
        Set size function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param size: selected size
        @return none
        """
        self._size = size
        self._update_appearance()
 
    def _update_appearance(self):
        """!
        Update the node aspect to reflect the selected/highlighted state
 
        @param self: class object.
        @return none
        """
 
        size = transform_distance_simulation_to_canvas(self._size)
        if self.svg_item is not None:
            alpha = 0x80
        else:
            alpha = 0xFF
        fill_color_rgba = (self._color & 0xFFFFFF00) | alpha
        self.canvas_item.set_properties(
            radius_x=size, radius_y=size, fill_color_rgba=fill_color_rgba
        )
        if self._selected:
            line_width = size * 0.3
        else:
            line_width = size * 0.15
        if self.highlighted:
            stroke_color = "yellow"
        else:
            stroke_color = "black"
        self.canvas_item.set_properties(line_width=line_width, stroke_color=stroke_color)
 
        if self._label is not None:
            if self._label_canvas_item is None:
                self._label_canvas_item = GooCanvas.CanvasText(
                    visibility_threshold=0.5,
                    font="Sans Serif 10",
                    fill_color_rgba=0x808080FF,
                    alignment=Pango.Alignment.CENTER,
                    anchor=GooCanvas.CanvasAnchorType.N,
                    parent=self.visualizer.canvas.get_root_item(),
                    pointer_events=GooCanvas.CanvasPointerEvents.NONE,
                )
                self._label_canvas_item.lower(None)
 
            self._label_canvas_item.set_properties(
                visibility=GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.VISIBLE_ABOVE_THRESHOLD, text=self._label
            )
            self._update_position()
 
    def set_position(self, x, y):
        """!
        Set position function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param x: x position
        @param y: y position
        @return none
        """
        self.canvas_item.set_property("center_x", x)
        self.canvas_item.set_property("center_y", y)
        if self.svg_item is not None:
            self._update_svg_position(x, y)
 
        for link in self.links:
            link.update_points()
 
        if self._label_canvas_item is not None:
            self._label_canvas_item.set_properties(x=x, y=(y + self._size * 3))
 
        # If the location of the point is now beyond the bounds of the
        # canvas then those bounds now need to be increased
        try:
            bounds = self.visualizer.canvas.get_bounds()
 
            (min_x, min_y, max_x, max_y) = bounds
 
            min_x = min(x, min_x)
            min_y = min(y, min_y)
            max_x = max(x, max_x)
            max_y = max(y, max_y)
 
            new_bounds = (min_x, min_y, max_x, max_y)
 
            if new_bounds != bounds:
                self.visualizer.canvas.set_bounds(*new_bounds)
        except TypeError:
            # bug 2969:  GooCanvas.Canvas.get_bounds() inconsistency
            pass
 
    def get_position(self):
        """!
        Get position function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @return x and y position
        """
        return (
            self.canvas_item.get_property("center_x"),
            self.canvas_item.get_property("center_y"),
        )
 
    def _update_position(self):
        """!
        Update position function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @return none
        """
        x, y = self.get_position()
        self.set_position(x, y)
 
    def set_color(self, color):
        """!
        Set color function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param color: color to set.
        @return none
        """
        if isinstance(color, str):
            color = Gdk.color_parse(color)
            color = (
                ((color.red >> 8) << 24)
                | ((color.green >> 8) << 16)
                | ((color.blue >> 8) << 8)
                | 0xFF
            )
        self._color = color
        self._update_appearance()
 
    def add_link(self, link):
        """!
        Add link function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param link: link to add.
        @return none
        """
        assert isinstance(link, Link)
        self.links.append(link)
 
    def remove_link(self, link):
        """!
        Remove link function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param link: link to add.
        @return none
        """
        assert isinstance(link, Link)
        self.links.remove(link)
 
    @property
    def has_mobility(self):
        """!
        Has mobility function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @return modility option
        """
        if self._has_mobility is None:
            node = ns.NodeList.GetNode(self.node_index)
            self._has_mobility = node.GetObject[ns.MobilityModel]()
        return self._has_mobility
 
 
## Channel
class Channel(PyVizObject):
    ## @var channel
    #  channel
    ## @var canvas_item
    #  canvas
    ## @var links
    #  list of links
    #
    def __init__(self, channel):
        """!
        Initializer function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param channel: channel.
        """
        self.channel = channel
        self.canvas_item = GooCanvas.CanvasEllipse(
            radius_x=30,
            radius_y=30,
            fill_color="white",
            stroke_color="grey",
            line_width=2.0,
            line_dash=GooCanvas.CanvasLineDash.newv([10.0, 10.0]),
            visibility=GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.VISIBLE,
        )
        self.canvas_item.pyviz_object = self
        self.links = []
 
    def set_position(self, x, y):
        """!
        Initializer function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param x: x position.
        @param y: y position.
        @return
        """
        self.canvas_item.set_property("center_x", x)
        self.canvas_item.set_property("center_y", y)
 
        for link in self.links:
            link.update_points()
 
    def get_position(self):
        """!
        Initializer function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @return x / y position.
        """
        return (
            self.canvas_item.get_property("center_x"),
            self.canvas_item.get_property("center_y"),
        )
 
 
## WiredLink
class WiredLink(Link):
    ## @var node1
    #  first node
    ## @var node2
    #  second node
    ## @var canvas_item
    #  canvas
    #
    def __init__(self, node1, node2):
        """!
        Initializer function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param node1: class object.
        @param node2: class object.
        """
        assert isinstance(node1, Node)
        assert isinstance(node2, (Node, Channel))
        self.node1 = node1
        self.node2 = node2
        self.canvas_item = GooCanvas.CanvasPath(line_width=1.0, stroke_color="black")
        self.canvas_item.pyviz_object = self
        self.node1.links.append(self)
        self.node2.links.append(self)
 
    def update_points(self):
        """!
        Update points function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @return none
        """
        pos1_x, pos1_y = self.node1.get_position()
        pos2_x, pos2_y = self.node2.get_position()
        self.canvas_item.set_property("data", "M %r %r L %r %r" % (pos1_x, pos1_y, pos2_x, pos2_y))
 
 
## SimulationThread
class SimulationThread(threading.Thread):
    ## @var viz
    #  Visualizer object
    ## @var lock
    #  thread lock
    ## @var go
    #  thread event
    ## @var target_time
    #  in seconds
    ## @var quit
    #  quit indicator
    ## @var sim_helper
    #  helper function
    ## @var pause_messages
    #  pause messages
    def __init__(self, viz):
        """!
        Initializer function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param viz: class object.
        """
        super(SimulationThread, self).__init__()
        assert isinstance(viz, Visualizer)
        self.viz = viz  # Visualizer object
        self.lock = threading.Lock()
        self.go = threading.Event()
        self.go.clear()
        self.target_time = 0  # in seconds
        self.quit = False
        self.sim_helper = ns.PyViz()
        self.pause_messages = []
 
    def set_nodes_of_interest(self, nodes):
        """!
        Set nodes of interest function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param nodes: class object.
        @return
        """
        self.lock.acquire()
        try:
            self.sim_helper.SetNodesOfInterest(nodes)
        finally:
            self.lock.release()
 
    def run(self):
        """!
        Initializer function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @return none
        """
        while not self.quit:
            try:
                # Wait until the GUI gives the go signal
                self.go.wait()
                self.go.clear()
 
                if self.quit:
                    break
 
                # Check once whether GUI main loop is alive
                gui_active = Gtk.main_level() > 0
 
                # Thread-safe region (original code)
                self.lock.acquire()
                try:
                    # Advance simulator to the requested target time
                    self.sim_helper.SimulatorRunUntil(ns.Seconds(self.target_time))
 
                    # Collect pause messages
                    self.pause_messages.extend(self.sim_helper.GetPauseMessages())
 
                    # Schedule GUI update — but only if GUI still exists
                    if gui_active:
                        GLib.idle_add(self.viz.update_model, priority=PRIORITY_UPDATE_MODEL)
 
                    # Check stop condition
                    if (
                        ns.Simulator.Now().GetSeconds()
                        >= self.sim_helper.GetSimulatorStopTime().GetSeconds()
                    ):
                        if gui_active:
                            GLib.idle_add(self.viz._on_simulation_finished)
                        break
 
                finally:
                    self.lock.release()
 
            except Exception:
                # Happens if GUI is already shutting down and idle_add crashes internally
                break
 
 
## ShowTransmissionsMode
class ShowTransmissionsMode(object):
    ## @var ALL
    #  all
    ## @var NONE
    #  none
    ## @var SELECTED
    #  selected
 
    ## enumeration
    __slots__ = []
 
 
ShowTransmissionsMode.ALL = ShowTransmissionsMode()
ShowTransmissionsMode.NONE = ShowTransmissionsMode()
ShowTransmissionsMode.SELECTED = ShowTransmissionsMode()
 
 
## Visualizer
class Visualizer(GObject.GObject):
    ## @var INSTANCE
    #  all
    INSTANCE = None
 
    if _import_error is None:
        __gsignals__ = {
            # signal emitted whenever a right-click-on-node popup menu is being constructed
            "populate-node-menu": (
                GObject.SignalFlags.RUN_LAST,
                None,
                (
                    object,
                    Gtk.Menu,
                ),
            ),
            # signal emitted after every simulation period (SAMPLE_PERIOD seconds of simulated time)
            # the simulation lock is acquired while the signal is emitted
            "simulation-periodic-update": (GObject.SignalFlags.RUN_LAST, None, ()),
            # signal emitted right after the topology is scanned
            "topology-scanned": (GObject.SignalFlags.RUN_LAST, None, ()),
            # signal emitted when it's time to update the view objects
            "update-view": (GObject.SignalFlags.RUN_LAST, None, ()),
        }
 
    def __init__(self):
        """!
        Initializer function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @return none
        """
        assert Visualizer.INSTANCE is None
        Visualizer.INSTANCE = self
        super(Visualizer, self).__init__()
        self.nodes = {}  # node index -> Node
        self.channels = {}  # id(ns3.Channel) -> Channel
        self.window = None  # toplevel window
        self.canvas = None  # GooCanvas.Canvas
        self.time_label = None  # Gtk.Label
        self.play_button = None  # Gtk.ToggleButton
        self.zoom = None  # Gtk.Adjustment
        self._scrolled_window = None  # Gtk.ScrolledWindow
 
        self.links_group = GooCanvas.CanvasGroup()
        self.channels_group = GooCanvas.CanvasGroup()
        self.nodes_group = GooCanvas.CanvasGroup()
 
        self._update_timeout_id = None
        self.simulation = SimulationThread(self)
        self.selected_node = None  # node currently selected
        self.speed = 1.0
        self.information_windows = []
        self._transmission_arrows = []
        self._last_transmissions = []
        self._drop_arrows = []
        self._last_drops = []
        self._show_transmissions_mode = None
        self.set_show_transmissions_mode(ShowTransmissionsMode.ALL)
        self._panning_state = None
        self.node_size_adjustment = None
        self.transmissions_smoothing_adjustment = None
        self.sample_period = SAMPLE_PERIOD
        self.node_drag_state = None
        self.follow_node = None
        self.shell_window = None
 
        self.create_gui()
 
        for plugin in plugins:
            plugin(self)
 
    def set_show_transmissions_mode(self, mode):
        """!
        Set show transmission mode.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param mode: mode to set.
        @return none
        """
        assert isinstance(mode, ShowTransmissionsMode)
        self._show_transmissions_mode = mode
        if self._show_transmissions_mode == ShowTransmissionsMode.ALL:
            self.simulation.set_nodes_of_interest(list(range(ns.NodeList.GetNNodes())))
        elif self._show_transmissions_mode == ShowTransmissionsMode.NONE:
            self.simulation.set_nodes_of_interest([])
        elif self._show_transmissions_mode == ShowTransmissionsMode.SELECTED:
            if self.selected_node is None:
                self.simulation.set_nodes_of_interest([])
            else:
                self.simulation.set_nodes_of_interest([self.selected_node.node_index])
 
    def _create_advanced_controls(self):
        """!
        Create advanced controls.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @return expander
        """
        expander = Gtk.Expander.new("Advanced")
        expander.show()
 
        main_vbox = GObject.new(Gtk.VBox, border_width=8, visible=True)
        expander.add(main_vbox)
 
        main_hbox1 = GObject.new(Gtk.HBox, border_width=8, visible=True)
        main_vbox.pack_start(main_hbox1, True, True, 0)
 
        show_transmissions_group = GObject.new(
            Gtk.HeaderBar, title="Show transmissions", visible=True
        )
        main_hbox1.pack_start(show_transmissions_group, False, False, 8)
 
        vbox = Gtk.VBox(homogeneous=True, spacing=4)
        vbox.show()
        show_transmissions_group.add(vbox)
 
        all_nodes = Gtk.RadioButton.new(None)
        all_nodes.set_label("All nodes")
        all_nodes.set_active(True)
        all_nodes.show()
        vbox.add(all_nodes)
 
        selected_node = Gtk.RadioButton.new_from_widget(all_nodes)
        selected_node.show()
        selected_node.set_label("Selected node")
        selected_node.set_active(False)
        vbox.add(selected_node)
 
        no_node = Gtk.RadioButton.new_from_widget(all_nodes)
        no_node.show()
        no_node.set_label("Disabled")
        no_node.set_active(False)
        vbox.add(no_node)
 
        def toggled(radio):
            if radio.get_active():
                self.set_show_transmissions_mode(ShowTransmissionsMode.ALL)
 
        all_nodes.connect("toggled", toggled)
 
        def toggled(radio):
            if radio.get_active():
                self.set_show_transmissions_mode(ShowTransmissionsMode.NONE)
 
        no_node.connect("toggled", toggled)
 
        def toggled(radio):
            if radio.get_active():
                self.set_show_transmissions_mode(ShowTransmissionsMode.SELECTED)
 
        selected_node.connect("toggled", toggled)
 
        # -- misc settings
        misc_settings_group = GObject.new(Gtk.HeaderBar, title="Misc Settings", visible=True)
        main_hbox1.pack_start(misc_settings_group, False, False, 8)
        settings_hbox = GObject.new(Gtk.HBox, border_width=8, visible=True)
        misc_settings_group.add(settings_hbox)
 
        # --> node size
        vbox = GObject.new(Gtk.VBox, border_width=0, visible=True)
        scale = GObject.new(Gtk.HScale, visible=True, digits=2)
        vbox.pack_start(scale, True, True, 0)
        vbox.pack_start(GObject.new(Gtk.Label, label="Node Size", visible=True), True, True, 0)
        settings_hbox.pack_start(vbox, False, False, 6)
        self.node_size_adjustment = scale.get_adjustment()
 
        def node_size_changed(adj):
            for node in self.nodes.values():
                node.set_size(adj.get_value())
 
        self.node_size_adjustment.connect("value-changed", node_size_changed)
        self.node_size_adjustment.set_lower(0.01)
        self.node_size_adjustment.set_upper(20)
        self.node_size_adjustment.set_step_increment(0.1)
        self.node_size_adjustment.set_value(DEFAULT_NODE_SIZE)
 
        # --> transmissions smooth factor
        vbox = GObject.new(Gtk.VBox, border_width=0, visible=True)
        scale = GObject.new(Gtk.HScale, visible=True, digits=1)
        vbox.pack_start(scale, True, True, 0)
        vbox.pack_start(
            GObject.new(Gtk.Label, label="Tx. Smooth Factor (s)", visible=True), True, True, 0
        )
        settings_hbox.pack_start(vbox, False, False, 6)
        self.transmissions_smoothing_adjustment = scale.get_adjustment()
        adj = self.transmissions_smoothing_adjustment
        adj.set_lower(0.1)
        adj.set_upper(10)
        adj.set_step_increment(0.1)
        adj.set_value(DEFAULT_TRANSMISSIONS_MEMORY * 0.1)
 
        return expander
 
    ## PanningState class
    class _PanningState(object):
        ## @var __slots__
        #  internal variables
        __slots__ = ["initial_mouse_pos", "initial_canvas_pos", "motion_signal"]
 
    def _begin_panning(self, widget, event):
        """!
        Set show trnamission mode.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param mode: mode to set.
        @return none
        """
        display = self.canvas.get_window().get_display()
        cursor = Gdk.Cursor.new_for_display(display, Gdk.CursorType.FLEUR)
        self.canvas.get_window().set_cursor(cursor)
        self._panning_state = self._PanningState()
        pos = widget.get_window().get_device_position(event.device)
        self._panning_state.initial_mouse_pos = (pos.x, pos.y)
        x = self._scrolled_window.get_hadjustment().get_value()
        y = self._scrolled_window.get_vadjustment().get_value()
        self._panning_state.initial_canvas_pos = (x, y)
        self._panning_state.motion_signal = self.canvas.connect(
            "motion-notify-event", self._panning_motion
        )
 
    def _end_panning(self, event):
        """!
        End panning function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param event: active event.
        @return none
        """
        if self._panning_state is None:
            return
        self.canvas.get_window().set_cursor(None)
        self.canvas.disconnect(self._panning_state.motion_signal)
        self._panning_state = None
 
    def _panning_motion(self, widget, event):
        """!
        Panning motion function.
 
        @param self: class object.
        @param widget: widget.
        @param event: event.
        @return true if successful
        """
        assert self._panning_state is not None
        if event.is_hint:
            pos = widget.get_window().get_device_position(event.device)
            x, y = pos.x, pos.y
        else:
            x, y = event.x, event.y
 
        hadj = self._scrolled_window.get_hadjustment()
        vadj = self._scrolled_window.get_vadjustment()
        mx0, my0 = self._panning_state.initial_mouse_pos
        cx0, cy0 = self._panning_state.initial_canvas_pos
 
        dx = x - mx0
        dy = y - my0
        hadj.set_value(cx0 - dx)
        vadj.set_value(cy0 - dy)
        return True
 
    def _canvas_button_press(self, widget, event):
        if event.button == 2:
            self._begin_panning(widget, event)
            return True
        return False
 
    def _canvas_button_release(self, dummy_widget, event):
        if event.button == 2:
            self._end_panning(event)
            return True
        return False
 
    def _canvas_scroll_event(self, dummy_widget, event):
        if event.direction == Gdk.ScrollDirection.UP:
            self.zoom.set_value(self.zoom.get_value() * 1.25)
            return True
        elif event.direction == Gdk.ScrollDirection.DOWN:
            self.zoom.set_value(self.zoom.get_value() / 1.25)
            return True
        return False
 
    def get_hadjustment(self):
        return self._scrolled_window.get_hadjustment()
 
    def get_vadjustment(self):
        return self._scrolled_window.get_vadjustment()
 
    def create_gui(self):
        self.window = Gtk.Window()
        self.window.set_title(sys.argv[0])
        vbox = Gtk.VBox()
        vbox.show()
        self.window.add(vbox)
 
        # canvas
        self.canvas = GooCanvas.Canvas()
        self.canvas.connect_after("button-press-event", self._canvas_button_press)
        self.canvas.connect_after("button-release-event", self._canvas_button_release)
        self.canvas.connect("scroll-event", self._canvas_scroll_event)
        self.canvas.props.has_tooltip = True
        self.canvas.connect("query-tooltip", self._canvas_tooltip_cb)
        self.canvas.show()
        sw = Gtk.ScrolledWindow()
        sw.show()
        self._scrolled_window = sw
        sw.add(self.canvas)
        vbox.pack_start(sw, True, True, 4)
        self.canvas.set_size_request(600, 450)
        self.canvas.set_bounds(-10000, -10000, 10000, 10000)
        self.canvas.scroll_to(0, 0)
 
        self.canvas.get_root_item().add_child(self.links_group, -1)
        self.links_group.set_property("visibility", GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.VISIBLE)
 
        self.canvas.get_root_item().add_child(self.channels_group, -1)
        self.channels_group.set_property("visibility", GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.VISIBLE)
        self.channels_group.raise_(self.links_group)
 
        self.canvas.get_root_item().add_child(self.nodes_group, -1)
        self.nodes_group.set_property("visibility", GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.VISIBLE)
        self.nodes_group.raise_(self.channels_group)
 
        self.hud = hud.Axes(self)
 
        hbox = Gtk.HBox()
        hbox.show()
        vbox.pack_start(hbox, False, False, 4)
 
        # zoom
        zoom_adj = Gtk.Adjustment(
            value=1.0,
            lower=0.01,
            upper=10.0,
            step_increment=0.02,
            page_increment=1.0,
            page_size=1.0,
        )
        self.zoom = zoom_adj
 
        def _zoom_changed(adj):
            self.canvas.set_scale(adj.get_value())
 
        zoom_adj.connect("value-changed", _zoom_changed)
        zoom = Gtk.SpinButton.new(zoom_adj, 0.1, 1)
        zoom.set_digits(3)
        zoom.show()
        hbox.pack_start(GObject.new(Gtk.Label, label=" Zoom:", visible=True), False, False, 4)
        hbox.pack_start(zoom, False, False, 4)
        _zoom_changed(zoom_adj)
 
        # speed
        speed_adj = Gtk.Adjustment(
            value=1.0, lower=0.01, upper=10.0, step_increment=0.02, page_increment=1.0, page_size=0
        )
 
        def _speed_changed(adj):
            self.speed = adj.get_value()
            self.sample_period = SAMPLE_PERIOD * adj.get_value()
            self._start_update_timer()
 
        speed_adj.connect("value-changed", _speed_changed)
        speed = Gtk.SpinButton.new(speed_adj, 1, 0)
        speed.set_digits(3)
        speed.show()
        hbox.pack_start(GObject.new(Gtk.Label, label="  Speed:", visible=True), False, False, 4)
        hbox.pack_start(speed, False, False, 4)
        _speed_changed(speed_adj)
 
        # Current time
        self.time_label = GObject.new(Gtk.Label, label="  Speed:", visible=True)
        self.time_label.set_width_chars(20)
        hbox.pack_start(self.time_label, False, False, 4)
 
        # Screenshot button
        screenshot_button = GObject.new(
            Gtk.Button,
            label="Snapshot",
            relief=Gtk.ReliefStyle.NONE,
            focus_on_click=False,
            visible=True,
        )
        hbox.pack_start(screenshot_button, False, False, 4)
 
        def load_button_icon(button, icon_name):
            if not Gtk.IconTheme.get_default().has_icon(icon_name):
                print(f"Could not load icon {icon_name}", file=sys.stderr)
                return
            image = Gtk.Image.new_from_icon_name(icon_name, Gtk.IconSize.BUTTON)
            button.set_image(image)
            button.props.always_show_image = True
 
        load_button_icon(screenshot_button, "applets-screenshooter")
        screenshot_button.connect("clicked", self._take_screenshot)
 
        # Shell button
        if ipython_view is not None:
            shell_button = GObject.new(
                Gtk.Button,
                label="Shell",
                relief=Gtk.ReliefStyle.NONE,
                focus_on_click=False,
                visible=True,
            )
            hbox.pack_start(shell_button, False, False, 4)
            load_button_icon(shell_button, "gnome-terminal")
            shell_button.connect("clicked", self._start_shell)
 
        # Play button
        self.play_button = GObject.new(
            Gtk.ToggleButton,
            label="Simulate (F3)",
            relief=Gtk.ReliefStyle.NONE,
            focus_on_click=False,
            visible=True,
        )
        load_button_icon(self.play_button, "media-playback-start")
        accel_group = Gtk.AccelGroup()
        self.window.add_accel_group(accel_group)
        self.play_button.add_accelerator(
            "clicked", accel_group, Gdk.KEY_F3, 0, Gtk.AccelFlags.VISIBLE
        )
        self.play_button.connect("toggled", self._on_play_button_toggled)
        hbox.pack_start(self.play_button, False, False, 4)
 
        self.canvas.get_root_item().connect("button-press-event", self.on_root_button_press_event)
 
        vbox.pack_start(self._create_advanced_controls(), False, False, 4)
 
        display = Gdk.Display.get_default()
        try:
            monitor = display.get_primary_monitor()
            geometry = monitor.get_geometry()
            scale_factor = monitor.get_scale_factor()
        except AttributeError:
            screen = display.get_default_screen()
            monitor_id = screen.get_primary_monitor()
            geometry = screen.get_monitor_geometry(monitor_id)
            scale_factor = screen.get_monitor_scale_factor(monitor_id)
        width = scale_factor * geometry.width
        height = scale_factor * geometry.height
        self.window.set_default_size(width * 2 / 3, height * 2 / 3)
        self.window.show()
 
    def scan_topology(self):
        print("scanning topology: %i nodes..." % (ns.NodeList.GetNNodes(),))
        graph = pygraphviz.AGraph()
        seen_nodes = 0
        for nodeI in range(ns.NodeList.GetNNodes()):
            seen_nodes += 1
            if seen_nodes == 100:
                print(
                    "scan topology... %i nodes visited (%.1f%%)"
                    % (nodeI, 100 * nodeI / ns.NodeList.GetNNodes())
                )
                seen_nodes = 0
            node = ns.NodeList.GetNode(nodeI)
            node_name = "Node %i" % nodeI
            node_view = self.get_node(nodeI)
 
            mobility = node.GetObject[ns.MobilityModel]()
            if mobility:
                node_view.set_color("red")
                pos = node.GetObject[ns.MobilityModel]().__deref__().GetPosition()
                node_view.set_position(*transform_point_simulation_to_canvas(pos.x, pos.y))
                # print "node has mobility position -> ", "%f,%f" % (pos.x, pos.y)
            else:
                graph.add_node(node_name)
 
            for devI in range(node.GetNDevices()):
                device = node.GetDevice(devI)
                device_traits = lookup_netdevice_traits(type(device.__deref__()))
                if device_traits.is_wireless:
                    continue
                if device_traits.is_virtual:
                    continue
                channel = device.GetChannel()
                if channel.GetNDevices() > 2:
                    if REPRESENT_CHANNELS_AS_NODES:
                        # represent channels as white nodes
                        if mobility is None:
                            channel_name = "Channel %s" % id(channel)
                            graph.add_edge(node_name, channel_name)
                        self.get_channel(channel)
                        self.create_link(self.get_node(nodeI), self.get_channel(channel))
                    else:
                        # don't represent channels, just add links between nodes in the same channel
                        for otherDevI in range(channel.GetNDevices()):
                            otherDev = channel.GetDevice(otherDevI)
                            otherNode = otherDev.GetNode()
                            otherNodeView = self.get_node(otherNode.GetId())
                            if otherNode is not node:
                                if mobility is None and not otherNodeView.has_mobility:
                                    other_node_name = "Node %i" % otherNode.GetId()
                                    graph.add_edge(node_name, other_node_name)
                                self.create_link(self.get_node(nodeI), otherNodeView)
                else:
                    for otherDevI in range(channel.GetNDevices()):
                        otherDev = channel.GetDevice(otherDevI)
                        otherNode = otherDev.GetNode()
                        otherNodeView = self.get_node(otherNode.GetId())
                        if otherNode is not node:
                            if mobility is None and not otherNodeView.has_mobility:
                                other_node_name = "Node %i" % otherNode.GetId()
                                graph.add_edge(node_name, other_node_name)
                            self.create_link(self.get_node(nodeI), otherNodeView)
 
        print("scanning topology: calling graphviz layout")
        graph.layout(LAYOUT_ALGORITHM)
        for node in graph.iternodes():
            # print node, "=>", node.attr['pos']
            node_type, node_id = node.split(" ")
            pos_x, pos_y = [float(s) for s in node.attr["pos"].split(",")]
            if node_type == "Node":
                obj = self.nodes[int(node_id)]
            elif node_type == "Channel":
                obj = self.channels[int(node_id)]
            obj.set_position(pos_x, pos_y)
 
        print("scanning topology: all done.")
        self.emit("topology-scanned")
 
    def get_node(self, index):
        try:
            return self.nodes[index]
        except KeyError:
            node = Node(self, index)
            self.nodes[index] = node
            self.nodes_group.add_child(node.canvas_item, -1)
            node.canvas_item.connect("button-press-event", self.on_node_button_press_event, node)
            node.canvas_item.connect(
                "button-release-event", self.on_node_button_release_event, node
            )
            return node
 
    def get_channel(self, ns3_channel):
        try:
            return self.channels[id(ns3_channel)]
        except KeyError:
            channel = Channel(ns3_channel)
            self.channels[id(ns3_channel)] = channel
            self.channels_group.add_child(channel.canvas_item, -1)
            return channel
 
    def create_link(self, node, node_or_channel):
        link = WiredLink(node, node_or_channel)
        self.links_group.add_child(link.canvas_item, -1)
        link.canvas_item.lower(None)
 
    def update_view(self):
        # print "update_view"
 
        self.time_label.set_text("Time: %f s" % ns.Simulator.Now().GetSeconds())
 
        self._update_node_positions()
 
        # Update information
        for info_win in self.information_windows:
            info_win.update()
 
        self._update_transmissions_view()
        self._update_drops_view()
 
        self.emit("update-view")
 
    def _update_node_positions(self):
        for node in self.nodes.values():
            if node.has_mobility:
                ns3_node = ns.NodeList.GetNode(node.node_index)
                mobility = ns3_node.GetObject[ns.MobilityModel]()
                if mobility:
                    pos = ns3_node.GetObject[ns.MobilityModel]().__deref__().GetPosition()
                    x, y = transform_point_simulation_to_canvas(pos.x, pos.y)
                    node.set_position(x, y)
                    if node is self.follow_node:
                        hadj = self._scrolled_window.get_hadjustment()
                        vadj = self._scrolled_window.get_vadjustment()
                        px, py = self.canvas.convert_to_pixels(x, y)
                        hadj.set_value(px - hadj.get_page_size() / 2)
                        vadj.set_value(py - vadj.get_page_size() / 2)
 
    def center_on_node(self, node):
        if isinstance(node, ns.Node):
            node = self.nodes[node.GetId()]
        elif isinstance(node, int):
            node = self.nodes[node]
        elif isinstance(node, Node):
            pass
        else:
            raise TypeError("expected int, viz.Node or ns.Node, not %r" % node)
 
        x, y = node.get_position()
        hadj = self._scrolled_window.get_hadjustment()
        vadj = self._scrolled_window.get_vadjustment()
        px, py = self.canvas.convert_to_pixels(x, y)
        hadj.set_value(px - hadj.get_page_size() / 2)
        vadj.set_value(py - vadj.get_page_size() / 2)
 
    def update_model(self):
        self.simulation.lock.acquire()
        try:
            self.emit("simulation-periodic-update")
        finally:
            self.simulation.lock.release()
 
    def do_simulation_periodic_update(self):
        smooth_factor = int(self.transmissions_smoothing_adjustment.get_value() * 10)
 
        transmissions = self.simulation.sim_helper.GetTransmissionSamples()
        self._last_transmissions.append(transmissions)
        while len(self._last_transmissions) > smooth_factor:
            self._last_transmissions.pop(0)
 
        drops = self.simulation.sim_helper.GetPacketDropSamples()
        self._last_drops.append(drops)
        while len(self._last_drops) > smooth_factor:
            self._last_drops.pop(0)
 
    def _get_label_over_line_position(self, pos1_x, pos1_y, pos2_x, pos2_y):
        hadj = self._scrolled_window.get_hadjustment()
        vadj = self._scrolled_window.get_vadjustment()
        bounds_x1, bounds_y1 = self.canvas.convert_from_pixels(hadj.get_value(), vadj.get_value())
        bounds_x2, bounds_y2 = self.canvas.convert_from_pixels(
            hadj.get_value() + hadj.get_page_size(), vadj.get_value() + vadj.get_page_size()
        )
        ns.PyViz.LineClipping(
            bounds_x1, bounds_y1, bounds_x2, bounds_y2, pos1_x, pos1_y, pos2_x, pos2_y
        )
        return (pos1_x.value + pos2_x.value) / 2, (pos1_y.value + pos2_y.value) / 2
 
    def _update_transmissions_view(self):
        transmissions_average = {}
        for transmission_set in self._last_transmissions:
            for transmission in transmission_set:
                key = (transmission.transmitter.GetId(), transmission.receiver.GetId())
                rx_bytes, count = transmissions_average.get(key, (0, 0))
                rx_bytes += transmission.bytes
                count += 1
                transmissions_average[key] = rx_bytes, count
 
        old_arrows = self._transmission_arrows
        for arrow, label in old_arrows:
            arrow.set_property("visibility", GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.HIDDEN)
            label.set_property("visibility", GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.HIDDEN)
        new_arrows = []
 
        k = self.node_size_adjustment.get_value() / 5
 
        for (transmitter_id, receiver_id), (rx_bytes, rx_count) in transmissions_average.items():
            transmitter = self.get_node(transmitter_id)
            receiver = self.get_node(receiver_id)
            try:
                arrow, label = old_arrows.pop()
            except IndexError:
                arrow = GooCanvas.CanvasPolyline(
                    line_width=2.0,
                    stroke_color_rgba=0x00C000C0,
                    close_path=False,
                    end_arrow=True,
                    pointer_events=GooCanvas.CanvasPointerEvents.NONE,
                )
                arrow.set_property("parent", self.canvas.get_root_item())
                arrow.raise_(None)
 
                label = GooCanvas.CanvasText(
                    parent=self.canvas.get_root_item(),
                    pointer_events=GooCanvas.CanvasPointerEvents.NONE,
                )
                label.raise_(None)
 
            arrow.set_property("visibility", GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.VISIBLE)
            line_width = max(0.1, math.log(float(rx_bytes) / rx_count / self.sample_period) * k)
            arrow.set_property("line-width", line_width)
 
            pos1_x, pos1_y = transmitter.get_position()
            pos2_x, pos2_y = receiver.get_position()
            points = GooCanvas.CanvasPoints.new(2)
            points.set_point(0, pos1_x, pos1_y)
            points.set_point(1, pos2_x, pos2_y)
            arrow.set_property("points", points)
 
            kbps = float(rx_bytes * 8) / 1e3 / rx_count / self.sample_period
            label.set_properties(
                visibility=GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.VISIBLE_ABOVE_THRESHOLD,
                visibility_threshold=0.5,
                font=("Sans Serif %f" % int(1 + BITRATE_FONT_SIZE * k)),
            )
 
            angle = math.atan2((pos2_y - pos1_y), (pos2_x - pos1_x))
            if angle > math.pi / 2 or angle < -math.pi / 2:
                # Normalize the angle, in essence, adjust the angle to keep
                # it from rotating beyond +/- 90 degrees. In this way, the
                # direction of the label remain always readable regardless of
                # the angle.
                angle += math.pi
                label.set_properties(
                    text=("← %.2f kbit/s" % (kbps,)),
                    alignment=Pango.Alignment.CENTER,
                    anchor=GooCanvas.CanvasAnchorType.S,
                    x=0,
                    y=-line_width / 2,
                )
            else:
                label.set_properties(
                    text=("%.2f kbit/s →" % (kbps,)),
                    alignment=Pango.Alignment.CENTER,
                    anchor=GooCanvas.CanvasAnchorType.N,
                    x=0,
                    y=line_width / 2,
                )
            M = cairo.Matrix()
            lx, ly = self._get_label_over_line_position(
                c_double(pos1_x), c_double(pos1_y), c_double(pos2_x), c_double(pos2_y)
            )
            M.translate(lx, ly)
            M.rotate(angle)
            try:
                label.set_transform(M)
            except KeyError:
                # https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/pygobject/issues/16
                warnings.warn(
                    "PyGobject bug causing label position error; "
                    "should be fixed in PyGObject >= 3.29.1"
                )
                label.set_properties(x=(lx + label.props.x), y=(ly + label.props.y))
 
            new_arrows.append((arrow, label))
 
        self._transmission_arrows = new_arrows + old_arrows
 
    def _update_drops_view(self):
        drops_average = {}
        for drop_set in self._last_drops:
            for drop in drop_set:
                key = drop.transmitter.GetId()
                drop_bytes, count = drops_average.get(key, (0, 0))
                drop_bytes += drop.bytes
                count += 1
                drops_average[key] = drop_bytes, count
 
        old_arrows = self._drop_arrows
        for arrow, label in old_arrows:
            arrow.set_property("visibility", GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.HIDDEN)
            label.set_property("visibility", GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.HIDDEN)
        new_arrows = []
 
        # get the coordinates for the edge of screen
        vadjustment = self._scrolled_window.get_vadjustment()
        bottom_y = vadjustment.get_value() + vadjustment.get_page_size()
        dummy, edge_y = self.canvas.convert_from_pixels(0, bottom_y)
 
        k = self.node_size_adjustment.get_value() / 5
 
        for transmitter_id, (drop_bytes, drop_count) in drops_average.items():
            transmitter = self.get_node(transmitter_id)
            try:
                arrow, label = old_arrows.pop()
            except IndexError:
                arrow = GooCanvas.CanvasPolyline(
                    line_width=2.0,
                    stroke_color_rgba=0xC00000C0,
                    close_path=False,
                    end_arrow=True,
                    pointer_events=GooCanvas.CanvasPointerEvents.NONE,
                )
                arrow.set_property("parent", self.canvas.get_root_item())
                arrow.raise_(None)
 
                label = GooCanvas.CanvasText(
                    pointer_events=GooCanvas.CanvasPointerEvents.NONE
                )  # , fill_color_rgba=0x00C000C0)
                label.set_property("parent", self.canvas.get_root_item())
                label.raise_(None)
 
            arrow.set_property("visibility", GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.VISIBLE)
            arrow.set_property(
                "line-width",
                max(0.1, math.log(float(drop_bytes) / drop_count / self.sample_period) * k),
            )
            pos1_x, pos1_y = transmitter.get_position()
            pos2_x, pos2_y = pos1_x, edge_y
            points = GooCanvas.CanvasPoints.new(2)
            points.set_point(0, pos1_x, pos1_y)
            points.set_point(1, pos2_x, pos2_y)
            arrow.set_property("points", points)
 
            label.set_properties(
                visibility=GooCanvas.CanvasItemVisibility.VISIBLE_ABOVE_THRESHOLD,
                visibility_threshold=0.5,
                font=("Sans Serif %i" % int(1 + BITRATE_FONT_SIZE * k)),
                text=(
                    "%.2f kbit/s" % (float(drop_bytes * 8) / 1e3 / drop_count / self.sample_period,)
                ),
                alignment=Pango.Alignment.CENTER,
                x=(pos1_x + pos2_x) / 2,
                y=(pos1_y + pos2_y) / 2,
            )
 
            new_arrows.append((arrow, label))
 
        self._drop_arrows = new_arrows + old_arrows
 
    def _on_simulation_finished(self):
        print("Simulation finished.")
        if self._update_timeout_id is not None:
            idExists = GLib.MainContext.default().find_source_by_id(self._update_timeout_id)
            if idExists:
                try:
                    GLib.Source.remove(self._update_timeout_id)
                except Exception:
                    pass
                finally:
                    self._update_timeout_id = None
        self.play_button.set_active(False)
        self.play_button.set_sensitive(False)
 
    def update_view_timeout(self):
        # print "view: update_view_timeout called at real time ", time.time()
 
        # while the simulator is busy, run the gtk event loop
        while not self.simulation.lock.acquire(False):
            while Gtk.events_pending():
                Gtk.main_iteration()
        pause_messages = self.simulation.pause_messages
        self.simulation.pause_messages = []
        try:
            self.update_view()
            self.simulation.target_time = ns.Simulator.Now().GetSeconds() + self.sample_period
            # print "view: target time set to %f" % self.simulation.target_time
        finally:
            self.simulation.lock.release()
 
        if pause_messages:
            # print pause_messages
            dialog = Gtk.MessageDialog(
                parent=self.window,
                flags=0,
                type=Gtk.MessageType.WARNING,
                buttons=Gtk.ButtonsType.OK,
                message_format="\n".join(pause_messages),
            )
            dialog.connect("response", lambda d, r: d.destroy())
            dialog.show()
            self.play_button.set_active(False)
 
        # if we're paused, stop the update timer
        if not self.play_button.get_active():
            self._update_timeout_id = None
            return False
 
        # print "view: self.simulation.go.set()"
        self.simulation.go.set()
        # print "view: done."
        return True
 
    def _start_update_timer(self):
        if self._update_timeout_id is not None:
            idExists = GLib.MainContext.default().find_source_by_id(self._update_timeout_id)
            if idExists:
                try:
                    GLib.Source.remove(self._update_timeout_id)
                except Exception:
                    pass
                finally:
                    self._update_timeout_id = None
        # print "start_update_timer"
        self._update_timeout_id = GLib.timeout_add(
            int(SAMPLE_PERIOD / min(self.speed, 1) * 1e3),
            self.update_view_timeout,
            priority=PRIORITY_UPDATE_VIEW,
        )
 
    def _on_play_button_toggled(self, button):
        if button.get_active():
            self._start_update_timer()
        else:
            if self._update_timeout_id is not None:
                idExists = GLib.MainContext.default().find_source_by_id(self._update_timeout_id)
                if idExists:
                    try:
                        GLib.Source.remove(self._update_timeout_id)
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                    finally:
                        self._update_timeout_id = None
 
    def _quit(self, *dummy_args):
        if self._update_timeout_id is not None:
            idExists = GLib.MainContext.default().find_source_by_id(self._update_timeout_id)
            if idExists:
                try:
                    GLib.Source.remove(self._update_timeout_id)
                except Exception:
                    pass
                finally:
                    self._update_timeout_id = None
        ns.Simulator.Stop()
        self.simulation.quit = True
        self.simulation.go.set()
        self.simulation.join()
        Gtk.main_quit()
 
    def _monkey_patch_ipython(self):
        # The user may want to access the NS 3 simulation state, but
        # NS 3 is not thread safe, so it could cause serious problems.
        # To work around this, monkey-patch IPython to automatically
        # acquire and release the simulation lock around each code
        # that is executed.
 
        original_runcode = self.ipython.runcode
 
        def runcode(ip, *args):
            # print "lock"
            self.simulation.lock.acquire()
            try:
                return original_runcode(*args)
            finally:
                # print "unlock"
                self.simulation.lock.release()
 
        import types
 
        self.ipython.runcode = types.MethodType(runcode, self.ipython)
 
    def autoscale_view(self):
        if not self.nodes:
            return
        self._update_node_positions()
        positions = [node.get_position() for node in self.nodes.values()]
        min_x, min_y = min(x for (x, y) in positions), min(y for (x, y) in positions)
        max_x, max_y = max(x for (x, y) in positions), max(y for (x, y) in positions)
        min_x_px, min_y_px = self.canvas.convert_to_pixels(min_x, min_y)
        max_x_px, max_y_px = self.canvas.convert_to_pixels(max_x, max_y)
        dx = max_x - min_x
        dy = max_y - min_y
        dx_px = max_x_px - min_x_px
        dy_px = max_y_px - min_y_px
        hadj = self._scrolled_window.get_hadjustment()
        vadj = self._scrolled_window.get_vadjustment()
        new_dx, new_dy = 1.5 * dx_px, 1.5 * dy_px
 
        if new_dx == 0 or new_dy == 0:
            return
 
        self.zoom.set_value(min(hadj.get_page_size() / new_dx, vadj.get_page_size() / new_dy))
 
        x1, y1 = self.canvas.convert_from_pixels(hadj.get_value(), vadj.get_value())
        x2, y2 = self.canvas.convert_from_pixels(
            (hadj.get_value() + hadj.get_page_size()), (vadj.get_value() + vadj.get_page_size())
        )
        width = x2 - x1
        height = y2 - y1
        center_x = (min_x + max_x) / 2
        center_y = (min_y + max_y) / 2
 
        self.canvas.scroll_to(center_x - width / 2, center_y - height / 2)
 
        return False
 
    def start(self):
        self.scan_topology()
        self.window.connect("delete-event", self._quit)
        # self._start_update_timer()
        GLib.timeout_add(200, self.autoscale_view)
        self.simulation.start()
 
        try:
            __IPYTHON__
        except NameError:
            pass
        else:
            self._monkey_patch_ipython()
 
        Gtk.main()
 
    def on_root_button_press_event(self, view, target, event):
        if event.button == 1:
            self.select_node(None)
            return True
 
    def on_node_button_press_event(self, view, target, event, node):
        button = event.button
        if button == 1:
            self.select_node(node)
            return True
        elif button == 3:
            self.popup_node_menu(node, event)
            return True
        elif button == 2:
            self.begin_node_drag(node, event)
            return True
        return False
 
    def on_node_button_release_event(self, view, target, event, node):
        if event.button == 2:
            self.end_node_drag(node)
            return True
        return False
 
    class NodeDragState(object):
        def __init__(self, canvas_x0, canvas_y0, sim_x0, sim_y0):
            self.canvas_x0 = canvas_x0
            self.canvas_y0 = canvas_y0
            self.sim_x0 = sim_x0
            self.sim_y0 = sim_y0
            self.motion_signal = None
 
    def begin_node_drag(self, node, event):
        self.simulation.lock.acquire()
        try:
            ns3_node = ns.NodeList.GetNode(node.node_index)
            mobility = ns3_node.GetObject[ns.MobilityModel]()
            if not mobility:
                return
            if self.node_drag_state is not None:
                return
            pos = mobility.__deref__().GetPosition()
        finally:
            self.simulation.lock.release()
        devpos = self.canvas.get_window().get_device_position(event.device)
        x0, y0 = self.canvas.convert_from_pixels(devpos.x, devpos.y)
        self.node_drag_state = self.NodeDragState(x0, y0, pos.x, pos.y)
        self.node_drag_state.motion_signal = node.canvas_item.connect(
            "motion-notify-event", self.node_drag_motion, node
        )
 
    def node_drag_motion(self, item, targe_item, event, node):
        self.simulation.lock.acquire()
        try:
            ns3_node = ns.NodeList.GetNode(node.node_index)
            mobility = ns3_node.GetObject[ns.MobilityModel]()
            if not mobility:
                return False
            if self.node_drag_state is None:
                return False
            devpos = self.canvas.get_window().get_device_position(event.device)
            canvas_x, canvas_y = self.canvas.convert_from_pixels(devpos.x, devpos.y)
            dx = canvas_x - self.node_drag_state.canvas_x0
            dy = canvas_y - self.node_drag_state.canvas_y0
            pos = mobility.GetPosition()
            pos.x = self.node_drag_state.sim_x0 + transform_distance_canvas_to_simulation(dx)
            pos.y = self.node_drag_state.sim_y0 + transform_distance_canvas_to_simulation(dy)
            # print "SetPosition(%G, %G)" % (pos.x, pos.y)
            mobility.SetPosition(pos)
            node.set_position(*transform_point_simulation_to_canvas(pos.x, pos.y))
        finally:
            self.simulation.lock.release()
        return True
 
    def end_node_drag(self, node):
        if self.node_drag_state is None:
            return
        node.canvas_item.disconnect(self.node_drag_state.motion_signal)
        self.node_drag_state = None
 
    def popup_node_menu(self, node, event):
        menu = Gtk.Menu()
        self.emit("populate-node-menu", node, menu)
        menu.popup_at_pointer(event)
 
    def _update_ipython_selected_node(self):
        # If we are running under ipython -gthread, make this new
        # selected node available as a global 'selected_node'
        # variable.
        try:
            __IPYTHON__
        except NameError:
            pass
        else:
            if self.selected_node is None:
                ns3_node = None
            else:
                self.simulation.lock.acquire()
                try:
                    ns3_node = ns.NodeList.GetNode(self.selected_node.node_index)
                finally:
                    self.simulation.lock.release()
            self.ipython.updateNamespace({"selected_node": ns3_node})
 
    def select_node(self, node):
        if isinstance(node, ns.Node):
            node = self.nodes[node.GetId()]
        elif isinstance(node, int):
            node = self.nodes[node]
        elif isinstance(node, Node):
            pass
        elif node is None:
            pass
        else:
            raise TypeError("expected None, int, viz.Node or ns.Node, not %r" % node)
 
        if node is self.selected_node:
            return
 
        if self.selected_node is not None:
            self.selected_node.selected = False
        self.selected_node = node
        if self.selected_node is not None:
            self.selected_node.selected = True
 
        if self._show_transmissions_mode == ShowTransmissionsMode.SELECTED:
            if self.selected_node is None:
                self.simulation.set_nodes_of_interest([])
            else:
                self.simulation.set_nodes_of_interest([self.selected_node.node_index])
 
        self._update_ipython_selected_node()
 
    def add_information_window(self, info_win):
        self.information_windows.append(info_win)
        self.simulation.lock.acquire()
        try:
            info_win.update()
        finally:
            self.simulation.lock.release()
 
    def remove_information_window(self, info_win):
        self.information_windows.remove(info_win)
 
    def _canvas_tooltip_cb(self, canvas, x, y, keyboard_mode, tooltip):
        # print "tooltip query: ", x, y
        hadj = self._scrolled_window.get_hadjustment()
        vadj = self._scrolled_window.get_vadjustment()
        x, y = self.canvas.convert_from_pixels(hadj.get_value() + x, vadj.get_value() + y)
        item = self.canvas.get_item_at(x, y, True)
        # print "items at (%f, %f): %r | keyboard_mode=%r" % (x, y, item, keyboard_mode)
        if not item:
            return False
        while item is not None:
            obj = getattr(item, "pyviz_object", None)
            if obj is not None:
                obj.tooltip_query(tooltip)
                return True
            item = item.props.parent
        return False
 
    def _get_export_file_name(self):
        sel = Gtk.FileChooserNative.new(
            "Save...", self.canvas.get_toplevel(), Gtk.FileChooserAction.SAVE, "_Save", "_Cancel"
        )
        sel.set_local_only(True)
        sel.set_do_overwrite_confirmation(True)
        sel.set_current_name("Unnamed.pdf")
 
        filter = Gtk.FileFilter()
        filter.set_name("Embedded PostScript")
        filter.add_mime_type("image/x-eps")
        sel.add_filter(filter)
 
        filter = Gtk.FileFilter()
        filter.set_name("Portable Document Graphics")
        filter.add_mime_type("application/pdf")
        sel.add_filter(filter)
 
        filter = Gtk.FileFilter()
        filter.set_name("Scalable Vector Graphics")
        filter.add_mime_type("image/svg+xml")
        sel.add_filter(filter)
 
        resp = sel.run()
        if resp != Gtk.ResponseType.ACCEPT:
            sel.destroy()
            return None
 
        file_name = sel.get_filename()
        sel.destroy()
        return file_name
 
    def _take_screenshot(self, dummy_button):
        # print "Cheese!"
        file_name = self._get_export_file_name()
        if file_name is None:
            return
 
        # figure out the correct bounding box for what is visible on screen
        x1 = self._scrolled_window.get_hadjustment().get_value()
        y1 = self._scrolled_window.get_vadjustment().get_value()
        x2 = x1 + self._scrolled_window.get_hadjustment().get_page_size()
        y2 = y1 + self._scrolled_window.get_vadjustment().get_page_size()
        bounds = GooCanvas.CanvasBounds()
        bounds.x1, bounds.y1 = self.canvas.convert_from_pixels(x1, y1)
        bounds.x2, bounds.y2 = self.canvas.convert_from_pixels(x2, y2)
        dest_width = bounds.x2 - bounds.x1
        dest_height = bounds.y2 - bounds.y1
        # print bounds.x1, bounds.y1, " -> ", bounds.x2, bounds.y2
 
        dummy, extension = os.path.splitext(file_name)
        extension = extension.lower()
        if extension == ".eps":
            surface = cairo.PSSurface(file_name, dest_width, dest_height)
        elif extension == ".pdf":
            surface = cairo.PDFSurface(file_name, dest_width, dest_height)
        elif extension == ".svg":
            surface = cairo.SVGSurface(file_name, dest_width, dest_height)
        else:
            dialog = Gtk.MessageDialog(
                parent=self.canvas.get_toplevel(),
                flags=Gtk.DialogFlags.DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
                type=Gtk.MessageType.ERROR,
                buttons=Gtk.ButtonsType.OK,
                message_format="Unknown extension '%s' (valid extensions are '.eps', '.svg', and '.pdf')"
                % (extension,),
            )
            dialog.run()
            dialog.destroy()
            return
 
        # draw the canvas to a printing context
        cr = cairo.Context(surface)
        cr.translate(-bounds.x1, -bounds.y1)
        self.canvas.render(cr, bounds, self.zoom.get_value())
        cr.show_page()
        surface.finish()
 
    def set_follow_node(self, node):
        if isinstance(node, ns.Node):
            node = self.nodes[node.GetId()]
        self.follow_node = node
 
    def _start_shell(self, dummy_button):
        if self.shell_window is not None:
            self.shell_window.present()
            return
 
        self.shell_window = Gtk.Window()
        self.shell_window.set_size_request(750, 550)
        self.shell_window.set_resizable(True)
        scrolled_window = Gtk.ScrolledWindow()
        scrolled_window.set_policy(Gtk.PolicyType.AUTOMATIC, Gtk.PolicyType.AUTOMATIC)
        self.ipython = ipython_view.IPythonView()
        self.ipython.modify_font(Pango.FontDescription(SHELL_FONT))
        self.ipython.set_wrap_mode(Gtk.WrapMode.CHAR)
        self.ipython.show()
        scrolled_window.add(self.ipython)
        scrolled_window.show()
        self.shell_window.add(scrolled_window)
        self.shell_window.show()
        self.shell_window.connect("destroy", self._on_shell_window_destroy)
 
        self._update_ipython_selected_node()
        self.ipython.updateNamespace({"viz": self})
 
    def _on_shell_window_destroy(self, window):
        self.shell_window = None
 
 
initialization_hooks = []
 
 
def add_initialization_hook(hook, *args):
    """
    Adds a callback to be called after
    the visualizer is initialized, like this::
       initialization_hook(visualizer, *args)
    """
    global initialization_hooks
    initialization_hooks.append((hook, args))
 
 
def set_bounds(x1, y1, x2, y2):
    assert x2 > x1
    assert y2 > y1
 
    def hook(viz):
        cx1, cy1 = transform_point_simulation_to_canvas(x1, y1)
        cx2, cy2 = transform_point_simulation_to_canvas(x2, y2)
        viz.canvas.set_bounds(cx1, cy1, cx2, cy2)
 
    add_initialization_hook(hook)
 
 
_run_once = False
 
 
def start():
    global _run_once
    if _run_once:
        return
    _run_once = True
    assert Visualizer.INSTANCE is None
    if _import_error is not None:
        import sys
 
        print("No visualization support (%s)." % (str(_import_error),), file=sys.stderr)
        ns.Simulator.Run()
        return
    load_plugins()
    viz = Visualizer()
    for hook, args in initialization_hooks:
        GLib.idle_add(hook, viz, *args)
    ns.Packet.EnablePrinting()
    viz.start()