nstime.h

Go to the documentation of this file.

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2005,2006 INRIA
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 *
 * Author: Mathieu Lacage <mathieu.lacage@sophia.inria.fr>
 */
#ifndef TIME_H
#define TIME_H
 
#include "assert.h"
#include "attribute-helper.h"
#include "attribute.h"
#include "int64x64.h"
#include "type-name.h"
 
#include "ns3/core-export.h"
 
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>
#include <ostream>
#include <set>
#include <stdint.h>
 
/**
 * @file
 * @ingroup time
 * Declaration of classes ns3::Time and ns3::TimeWithUnit,
 * and the TimeValue implementation classes.
 */
 
namespace ns3
{
 
class TimeWithUnit;
 
/**
 * @ingroup core
 * @defgroup time Virtual Time
 *  Management of virtual time in real world units.
 *
 * The underlying simulator is unit agnostic, just dealing with
 * dimensionless virtual time.  Models usually need to handle
 * time in real world units, such as seconds, and conversions/scaling
 * between different units, between minutes and seconds, for example.
 *
 * The convenience constructors in the \ref timecivil "Standard Units" module
 * make it easy to create Times in specific units.
 *
 * The Time::SetResolution() function allows a one-time change of the
 * base resolution, before Simulator::Run().
 */
/**
 * @ingroup time
 * Simulation virtual time values and global simulation resolution.
 *
 * This class defines all the classic C++ addition/subtraction
 * operators: +, -, +=, -=; and all the classic comparison operators:
 * ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=. It is thus easy to add, subtract, or
 * compare Time objects.
 *
 * For example:
 * @code
 * Time t1 = Seconds (10.0);
 * Time t2 = Seconds (10.0);
 * Time t3 = t1;
 * t3 += t2;
 * @endcode
 *
 * You can also use the following non-member functions to manipulate
 * any of these ns3::Time object:
 *  - Abs(Time)
 *  - Max(Time,Time)
 *  - Min(Time,Time)
 *
 * This class also controls the resolution of the underlying time representation.
 * The resolution is the smallest representable time interval.
 * The default resolution is nanoseconds.
 *
 * To change the resolution, use SetResolution().  All Time objects created
 * before the call to SetResolution() will be updated to the new resolution.
 * This can only be done once!  (Tracking each Time object uses 4 pointers.
 * For speed, once we convert the existing instances we discard the recording
 * data structure and stop tracking new instances, so we have no way
 * to do a second conversion.)
 *
 * If you increase the global resolution, you also implicitly decrease
 * the maximum simulation duration.  The global simulation time is stored
 * in a 64 bit integer whose interpretation will depend on the global
 * resolution.  Therefore the maximum possible duration of your simulation
 * if you use picoseconds is 2^64 ps = 2^24 s = 7 months, whereas,
 * had you used nanoseconds, you could have run for 584 years.
 */
class CORE_EXPORT Time
{
  public:
    /**
     * The unit to use to interpret a number representing time
     */
    enum Unit
    {
        Y = 0,     //!< year, 365 days
        D = 1,     //!< day, 24 hours
        H = 2,     //!< hour, 60 minutes
        MIN = 3,   //!< minute, 60 seconds
        S = 4,     //!< second
        MS = 5,    //!< millisecond
        US = 6,    //!< microsecond
        NS = 7,    //!< nanosecond
        PS = 8,    //!< picosecond
        FS = 9,    //!< femtosecond
        LAST = 10, //!< marker for last normal value
        AUTO = 11  //!< auto-scale output when using Time::As()
    };
 
    /**
     *  Assignment operator
     * @param [in] o Time to assign.
     * @return The Time.
     */
    inline Time& operator=(const Time& o)
    {
        m_data = o.m_data;
        return *this;
    }
 
    /** Default constructor, with value 0. */
    inline Time()
        : m_data()
    {
        if (MarkingTimes())
        {
            Mark(this);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     *  Copy constructor
     *
     * @param [in] o Time to copy
     */
    inline Time(const Time& o)
        : m_data(o.m_data)
    {
        if (MarkingTimes())
        {
            Mark(this);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Move constructor
     *
     * @param [in] o Time from which take the data
     */
    Time(Time&& o)
        : m_data(o.m_data)
    {
        if (MarkingTimes())
        {
            Mark(this);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * @name Numeric constructors
     * Construct from a numeric value.
     * @{
     */
    /**
     * Construct from a numeric value.
     * The current time resolution will be assumed as the unit.
     * @param [in] v The value.
     */
    explicit inline Time(double v)
        : m_data(llround(v))
    {
        if (MarkingTimes())
        {
            Mark(this);
        }
    }
 
    explicit inline Time(int v)
        : m_data(v)
    {
        if (MarkingTimes())
        {
            Mark(this);
        }
    }
 
    explicit inline Time(long int v)
        : m_data(v)
    {
        if (MarkingTimes())
        {
            Mark(this);
        }
    }
 
    explicit inline Time(long long int v)
        : m_data(v)
    {
        if (MarkingTimes())
        {
            Mark(this);
        }
    }
 
    explicit inline Time(unsigned int v)
        : m_data(v)
    {
        if (MarkingTimes())
        {
            Mark(this);
        }
    }
 
    explicit inline Time(unsigned long int v)
        : m_data(v)
    {
        if (MarkingTimes())
        {
            Mark(this);
        }
    }
 
    explicit inline Time(unsigned long long int v)
        : m_data(v)
    {
        if (MarkingTimes())
        {
            Mark(this);
        }
    }
 
    explicit inline Time(const int64x64_t& v)
        : m_data(v.Round())
    {
        if (MarkingTimes())
        {
            Mark(this);
        }
    }
 
    /**@}*/ // Numeric constructors
 
    /**
     * Construct Time object from common time expressions like "1ms"
     *
     * Supported units include:
     * - `s`  (seconds)
     * - `ms` (milliseconds)
     * - `us` (microseconds)
     * - `ns` (nanoseconds)
     * - `ps` (picoseconds)
     * - `fs` (femtoseconds)
     * - `min`  (minutes)
     * - `h`  (hours)
     * - `d`  (days)
     * - `y`  (years)
     *
     * There must be no whitespace between the numerical portion
     * and the unit. If the string only contains a number, it is treated as seconds.
     * Any otherwise malformed string causes a fatal error to occur.
     *
     * @param [in] s The string to parse into a Time
     */
    explicit Time(const std::string& s);
 
    /**
     * Minimum representable Time
     * Not to be confused with Min(Time,Time).
     * @returns the minimum representable Time.
     */
    static Time Min()
    {
        return Time(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min());
    }
 
    /**
     * Maximum representable Time
     * Not to be confused with Max(Time,Time).
     * @returns the maximum representable Time.
     */
    static Time Max()
    {
        return Time(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max());
    }
 
    /** Destructor */
    ~Time()
    {
        if (MarkingTimes())
        {
            Clear(this);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Exactly equivalent to `t == 0`.
     * @return \c true if the time is zero, \c false otherwise.
     */
    inline bool IsZero() const
    {
        return m_data == 0;
    }
 
    /**
     * Exactly equivalent to `t <= 0`.
     * @return \c true if the time is negative or zero, \c false otherwise.
     */
    inline bool IsNegative() const
    {
        return m_data <= 0;
    }
 
    /**
     * Exactly equivalent to `t >= 0`.
     * @return \c true if the time is positive or zero, \c false otherwise.
     */
    inline bool IsPositive() const
    {
        return m_data >= 0;
    }
 
    /**
     * Exactly equivalent to `t < 0`.
     * @return \c true if the time is strictly negative, \c false otherwise.
     */
    inline bool IsStrictlyNegative() const
    {
        return m_data < 0;
    }
 
    /**
     * Exactly equivalent to `t > 0`.
     * @return \c true if the time is strictly positive, \c false otherwise.
     */
    inline bool IsStrictlyPositive() const
    {
        return m_data > 0;
    }
 
    /**
     *  Compare \pname{this} to another Time
     *
     * @param [in] o The other Time
     * @return -1,0,+1 if `this < o`, `this == o`, or `this > o`
     */
    inline int Compare(const Time& o) const
    {
        return (m_data < o.m_data) ? -1 : (m_data == o.m_data) ? 0 : 1;
    }
 
    /**
     * @name Convert to Number in a Unit
     * Convert a Time to number, in indicated units.
     *
     * Conversions to seconds and larger will return doubles, with
     * possible loss of precision.  Conversions to units smaller than
     * seconds will be rounded.
     *
     * @{
     */
    /**
     * Get an approximation of the time stored in this instance
     * in the indicated unit.
     *
     * @return An approximate value in the indicated unit.
     */
    inline double GetYears() const
    {
        return ToDouble(Time::Y);
    }
 
    inline double GetDays() const
    {
        return ToDouble(Time::D);
    }
 
    inline double GetHours() const
    {
        return ToDouble(Time::H);
    }
 
    inline double GetMinutes() const
    {
        return ToDouble(Time::MIN);
    }
 
    /**
     * @copydoc GetYears()
     * @hidecaller
     * @hideref
     */
    inline double GetSeconds() const
    {
        return ToDouble(Time::S);
    }
 
    inline int64_t GetMilliSeconds() const
    {
        return ToInteger(Time::MS);
    }
 
    inline int64_t GetMicroSeconds() const
    {
        return ToInteger(Time::US);
    }
 
    inline int64_t GetNanoSeconds() const
    {
        return ToInteger(Time::NS);
    }
 
    inline int64_t GetPicoSeconds() const
    {
        return ToInteger(Time::PS);
    }
 
    inline int64_t GetFemtoSeconds() const
    {
        return ToInteger(Time::FS);
    }
 
    /**@}*/ // Convert to Number in a Unit.
 
    /**
     * @name Convert to Raw Value
     * Convert a Time to a number in the current resolution units.
     *
     * @{
     */
    /**
     * Get the raw time value, in the current resolution unit.
     * @returns The raw time value
     */
    inline int64_t GetTimeStep() const
    {
        return m_data;
    }
 
    inline double GetDouble() const
    {
        return static_cast<double>(m_data);
    }
 
    inline int64_t GetInteger() const
    {
        return GetTimeStep();
    }
 
    /**@}*/ // Convert to Raw Value
 
    /**
     * @param [in] resolution The new resolution to use
     *
     * Change the global resolution used to convert all
     * user-provided time values in Time objects and Time objects
     * in user-expected time units.
     */
    static void SetResolution(Unit resolution);
    /**
     * @returns The current global resolution.
     */
    static Unit GetResolution();
 
    /**
     * Create a Time in the current unit.
     *
     * @param [in] value The value of the new Time.
     * @return A Time with \pname{value} in the current time unit.
     */
    inline static Time From(const int64x64_t& value)
    {
        return Time(value);
    }
 
    /**
     * @name Create Times from Values and Units
     * Create Times from values given in the indicated units.
     *
     * @{
     */
    /**
     * Create a Time equal to \pname{value}  in unit \c unit
     *
     * @param [in] value The new Time value, expressed in \c unit
     * @param [in] unit The unit of \pname{value}
     * @return The Time representing \pname{value} in \c unit
     */
    inline static Time FromInteger(uint64_t value, Unit unit)
    {
        // Optimization: if value is 0, don't process the unit
        if (value == 0)
        {
            return Time();
        }
 
        Information* info = PeekInformation(unit);
 
        NS_ASSERT_MSG(info->isValid, "Attempted a conversion from an unavailable unit.");
 
        if (info->fromMul)
        {
            value *= info->factor;
        }
        else
        {
            value /= info->factor;
        }
        return Time(value);
    }
 
    inline static Time FromDouble(double value, Unit unit)
    {
        // Optimization: if value is 0, don't process the unit nor cast to int64x64_t
        if (value == 0)
        {
            return Time();
        }
 
        return From(int64x64_t(value), unit);
    }
 
    inline static Time From(const int64x64_t& value, Unit unit)
    {
        // Optimization: if value is 0, don't process the unit
        if (value == 0)
        {
            return Time();
        }
 
        Information* info = PeekInformation(unit);
 
        NS_ASSERT_MSG(info->isValid, "Attempted a conversion from an unavailable unit.");
 
        // DO NOT REMOVE this temporary variable. It's here
        // to work around a compiler bug in gcc 3.4
        int64x64_t retval = value;
        if (info->fromMul)
        {
            retval *= info->timeFrom;
        }
        else
        {
            retval.MulByInvert(info->timeFrom);
        }
        return Time(retval);
    }
 
    /**@}*/ // Create Times from Values and Units
 
    /**
     * @name Get Times as Numbers in Specified Units
     * Get the Time as integers or doubles in the indicated unit.
     *
     * @{
     */
    /**
     * Get the Time value expressed in a particular unit.
     *
     * @param [in] unit The desired unit
     * @return The Time expressed in \pname{unit}
     */
    inline int64_t ToInteger(Unit unit) const
    {
        // Optimization: if value is 0, don't process the unit
        if (m_data == 0)
        {
            return 0;
        }
 
        Information* info = PeekInformation(unit);
 
        NS_ASSERT_MSG(info->isValid, "Attempted a conversion to an unavailable unit.");
 
        int64_t v = m_data;
        if (info->toMul)
        {
            v *= info->factor;
        }
        else
        {
            v /= info->factor;
        }
        return v;
    }
 
    inline double ToDouble(Unit unit) const
    {
        // Optimization: if value is 0, don't process the unit nor cast from int64x64_t
        if (m_data == 0)
        {
            return 0;
        }
 
        return To(unit).GetDouble();
    }
 
    inline int64x64_t To(Unit unit) const
    {
        // Optimization: if value is 0, don't process the unit
        if (m_data == 0)
        {
            return 0;
        }
 
        Information* info = PeekInformation(unit);
 
        NS_ASSERT_MSG(info->isValid, "Attempted a conversion to an unavailable unit.");
 
        int64x64_t retval(m_data);
        if (info->toMul)
        {
            retval *= info->timeTo;
        }
        else
        {
            retval.MulByInvert(info->timeTo);
        }
        return retval;
    }
 
    /**@}*/ // Get Times as Numbers in Specified Units
 
    /**
     * Round a Time to a specific unit.
     * Rounding is to nearest integer.
     * @param [in] unit The unit to round to.
     * @return The Time rounded to the specific unit.
     */
    Time RoundTo(Unit unit) const
    {
        return From(this->To(unit).Round(), unit);
    }
 
    /**
     * Attach a unit to a Time, to facilitate output in a specific unit.
     *
     * For example,
     * @code
     *   Time t (3.14e9);  // Pi seconds
     *   std::cout << t.As (Time::MS) << std::endl;
     * @endcode
     * will print ``+3140.0ms``
     *
     * @param [in] unit The unit to use.
     * @return The Time with embedded unit.
     * @hidecaller
     * @hideref
     */
    TimeWithUnit As(const Unit unit = Time::AUTO) const;
 
    /**
     * TracedCallback signature for Time
     *
     * @param [in] value Current value of Time
     */
    typedef void (*TracedCallback)(Time value);
 
  private:
    /** How to convert between other units and the current unit. */
    struct Information
    {
        bool toMul;          //!< Multiply when converting To, otherwise divide
        bool fromMul;        //!< Multiple when converting From, otherwise divide
        int64_t factor;      //!< Ratio of this unit / current unit
        int64x64_t timeTo;   //!< Multiplier to convert to this unit
        int64x64_t timeFrom; //!< Multiplier to convert from this unit
        bool isValid;        //!< True if the current unit can be used
    };
 
    /** Current time unit, and conversion info. */
    struct Resolution
    {
        Information info[LAST]; //!<  Conversion info from current unit
        Time::Unit unit;        //!<  Current time unit
    };
 
    /**
     *  Get the current Resolution
     *
     *  @return A pointer to the current Resolution
     */
    static inline Resolution* PeekResolution()
    {
        static Time::Resolution& resolution{SetDefaultNsResolution()};
        return &resolution;
    }
 
    /**
     *  Get the Information record for \pname{timeUnit} for the current Resolution
     *
     *  @param [in] timeUnit The Unit to get Information for
     *  @return The Information for \pname{timeUnit}
     */
    static inline Information* PeekInformation(Unit timeUnit)
    {
        return &(PeekResolution()->info[timeUnit]);
    }
 
    /**
     *  Set the default resolution
     *
     *  @return The Resolution object for the default resolution.
     */
    static Resolution& SetDefaultNsResolution();
    /**
     *  Set the current Resolution.
     *
     *  @param [in] unit The unit to use as the new resolution.
     *  @param [in,out] resolution The Resolution record to update.
     *  @param [in] convert Whether to convert existing Time objects to the new resolution.
     */
    static void SetResolution(Unit unit, Resolution* resolution, const bool convert = true);
 
    /**
     *  Record all instances of Time, so we can rescale them when
     *  the resolution changes.
     *
     *  @internal
     *
     *  We use a std::set so we can remove the record easily when
     *  ~Time() is called.
     *
     *  We don't use Ptr<Time>, because we would have to bloat every Time
     *  instance with SimpleRefCount<Time>.
     *
     *  Seems like this should be std::set< Time * const >, but
     *  [Stack
     * Overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5526019/compile-errors-stdset-with-const-members)
     *  says otherwise, quoting the standard:
     *
     *  > & sect;23.1/3 states that std::set key types must be assignable
     *  > and copy constructable; clearly a const type will not be assignable.
     */
    typedef std::set<Time*> MarkedTimes;
    /**
     *  Record of outstanding Time objects which will need conversion
     *  when the resolution is set.
     *
     *  @internal
     *
     *  Use a classic static variable so we can check in Time ctors
     *  without a function call.
     *
     *  We'd really like to initialize this here, but we don't want to require
     *  C++0x, so we init in time.cc.  To ensure that happens before first use,
     *  we add a call to StaticInit (below) to every compilation unit which
     *  includes nstime.h.
     */
    static MarkedTimes* g_markingTimes;
 
    /**
     *  Null check for g_markingTimes from outside time.cc
     *
     *  @return \c true if g_markingTimes is not null
     *
     *  @internal
     *
     *  The inline Time ctors need to check if g_markingTimes is allocated
     *  before calling Mark(). Likewise, the dtor also needs to check before
     *  calling Clear(). On Windows, attempting to access g_markingTimes
     *  directly from outside the compilation unit is an access violation so
     *  this method is provided to work around that limitation.
     */
    static bool MarkingTimes();
 
  public:
    /**
     *  Function to force static initialization of Time.
     *
     * @return \c true on the first call
     */
    static bool StaticInit();
 
    /**
     * Spaceship comparison operator. All the other comparison operators
     * are automatically generated from this one.
     *
     * @param other Time to compare to this one
     * @returns The result of the comparison.
     */
    constexpr std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const Time& other) const = default;
 
  private:
    /**
     * @cond HIDE_FROM_DOXYGEN
     * Doxygen bug throws a warning here, so hide from Doxygen.
     *
     * Friend the Simulator class so it can call the private function
     * ClearMarkedTimes ()
     */
    friend class Simulator;
    /** @endcond */
 
    /**
     *  Remove all MarkedTimes.
     *
     *  @internal
     *  Has to be visible to the Simulator class, hence the friending.
     */
    static void ClearMarkedTimes();
    /**
     *  Record a Time instance with the MarkedTimes.
     *  @param [in] time The Time instance to record.
     */
    static void Mark(Time* const time);
    /**
     *  Remove a Time instance from the MarkedTimes, called by ~Time().
     *  @param [in] time The Time instance to remove.
     */
    static void Clear(Time* const time);
    /**
     *  Convert existing Times to the new unit.
     *  @param [in] unit The Unit to convert existing Times to.
     */
    static void ConvertTimes(const Unit unit);
 
    /**
     * @name Arithmetic operators
     * @{
     */
    friend Time operator+(const Time& lhs, const Time& rhs);
    friend Time operator-(const Time& lhs, const Time& rhs);
    friend Time operator*(const Time& lhs, const int64x64_t& rhs);
    friend Time operator*(const int64x64_t& lhs, const Time& rhs);
    friend int64x64_t operator/(const Time& lhs, const Time& rhs);
    friend Time operator/(const Time& lhs, const int64x64_t& rhs);
    friend Time operator%(const Time& lhs, const Time& rhs);
    friend int64_t Div(const Time& lhs, const Time& rhs);
    friend Time Rem(const Time& lhs, const Time& rhs);
 
    template <class T>
    friend std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, Time> operator*(const Time& lhs, T rhs);
 
    // Reversed arg version (forwards to `rhs * lhs`)
    // Accepts both integers and decimal types
    template <class T>
    friend std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic_v<T>, Time> operator*(T lhs, const Time& rhs);
 
    template <class T>
    friend std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, Time> operator/(const Time& lhs, T rhs);
 
    friend Time Abs(const Time& time);
    friend Time Max(const Time& timeA, const Time& timeB);
    friend Time Min(const Time& timeA, const Time& timeB);
 
    /**@}*/ // Arithmetic operators
 
    // Leave undocumented
    template <class T>
    friend std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point_v<T>, Time> operator*(const Time& lhs, T rhs);
    template <class T>
    friend std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point_v<T>, Time> operator/(const Time& lhs, T rhs);
 
    /**
     * @name Compound assignment operators
     * @{
     */
    friend Time& operator+=(Time& lhs, const Time& rhs);
    friend Time& operator-=(Time& lhs, const Time& rhs);
    /**@}*/ // Compound assignment
 
    int64_t m_data; //!< Virtual time value, in the current unit.
 
    // end of class Time
};
 
namespace TracedValueCallback
{
 
/**
 * TracedValue callback signature for Time
 *
 * @param [in] oldValue Original value of the traced variable
 * @param [in] newValue New value of the traced variable
 */
typedef void (*Time)(Time oldValue, Time newValue);
 
} // namespace TracedValueCallback
 
/**
 * Force static initialization order of Time in each compilation unit.
 * This is internal to the Time implementation.
 * @relates Time
 */
static bool g_TimeStaticInit [[maybe_unused]] = Time::StaticInit();
 
/**
 * Addition operator for Time.
 * @param [in] lhs The first value
 * @param [in] rhs The second value
 * @returns The sum of the two input values.
 */
inline Time
operator+(const Time& lhs, const Time& rhs)
{
    return Time(lhs.m_data + rhs.m_data);
}
 
/**
 * Subtraction operator for Time.
 * @param [in] lhs The first value
 * @param [in] rhs The second value
 * @returns The difference of the two input values.
 */
inline Time
operator-(const Time& lhs, const Time& rhs)
{
    return Time(lhs.m_data - rhs.m_data);
}
 
/**
 * Scale a Time by a numeric value.
 * @param [in] lhs The first value
 * @param [in] rhs The second value
 * @returns The Time scaled by the other operand.
 */
inline Time
operator*(const Time& lhs, const int64x64_t& rhs)
{
    int64x64_t res = lhs.m_data;
    res *= rhs;
    return Time(res);
}
 
/**
 * Scale a Time by a numeric value.
 * @param [in] lhs The first value
 * @param [in] rhs The second value
 * @returns The Time scaled by the other operand.
 */
inline Time
operator*(const int64x64_t& lhs, const Time& rhs)
{
    return rhs * lhs;
}
 
/**
 * Scale a Time by an integer value.
 *
 * @tparam T Integer data type (int, long, etc.)
 *
 * @param [in] lhs The Time instance to scale
 * @param [in] rhs The scale value
 * @returns A new Time instance containing the scaled value
 */
template <class T>
std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, Time>
operator*(const Time& lhs, T rhs)
{
    static_assert(!std::is_same_v<T, bool>, "Multiplying a Time by a boolean is not supported");
 
    return Time(lhs.m_data * rhs);
}
 
// Leave undocumented
template <class T>
std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point_v<T>, Time>
operator*(const Time& lhs, T rhs)
{
    return lhs * int64x64_t(rhs);
}
 
/**
 * Scale a Time by a numeric value.
 *
 * This overload handles the case where the scale value comes before the Time
 * value.  It swaps the arguments so that the Time argument comes first
 * and calls the appropriate overload of operator*
 *
 * @tparam T Arithmetic data type (int, long, float, etc.)
 *
 * @param [in] lhs The scale value
 * @param [in] rhs The Time instance to scale
 * @returns A new Time instance containing the scaled value
 */
template <class T>
std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic_v<T>, Time>
operator*(T lhs, const Time& rhs)
{
    return rhs * lhs;
}
 
/**
 * Exact division, returning a dimensionless fixed point number.
 *
 * This can be truncated to integer, or converted to double
 * (with loss of precision).  Assuming `ta` and `tb` are Times:
 *
 * @code
 *     int64x64_t ratio = ta / tb;
 *
 *     int64_t i = ratio.GetHigh ();      // Get just the integer part, resulting in truncation
 *
 *     double ratioD = double (ratio);    // Convert to double, with loss of precision
 * @endcode
 *
 * @param [in] lhs The first value
 * @param [in] rhs The second value
 * @returns The exact ratio of the two operands.
 */
inline int64x64_t
operator/(const Time& lhs, const Time& rhs)
{
    int64x64_t num = lhs.m_data;
    int64x64_t den = rhs.m_data;
    return num / den;
}
 
/**
 * Scale a Time by a numeric value.
 * @param [in] lhs The first value
 * @param [in] rhs The second value
 * @returns The Time divided by the scalar operand.
 */
inline Time
operator/(const Time& lhs, const int64x64_t& rhs)
{
    int64x64_t res = lhs.m_data;
    res /= rhs;
    return Time(res);
}
 
/**
 * Divide a Time by an integer value.
 *
 * @tparam T Integer data type (int, long, etc.)
 *
 * @param [in] lhs The Time instance to scale
 * @param [in] rhs The scale value
 * @returns A new Time instance containing the scaled value
 */
template <class T>
std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, Time>
operator/(const Time& lhs, T rhs)
{
    static_assert(!std::is_same_v<T, bool>, "Dividing a Time by a boolean is not supported");
 
    return Time(lhs.m_data / rhs);
}
 
// Leave undocumented
template <class T>
std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point_v<T>, Time>
operator/(const Time& lhs, T rhs)
{
    return lhs / int64x64_t(rhs);
}
 
/**
 * Remainder (modulus) from the quotient of two Times.
 *
 * Rem() and operator% are equivalent:
 *
 *     Rem (ta, tb)  ==  ta % tb;
 *
 * @see Div()
 * @param [in] lhs The first time value
 * @param [in] rhs The second time value
 * @returns The remainder of `lhs / rhs`.
 * @{
 */
inline Time
operator%(const Time& lhs, const Time& rhs)
{
    return Time(lhs.m_data % rhs.m_data);
}
 
inline Time
Rem(const Time& lhs, const Time& rhs)
{
    return Time(lhs.m_data % rhs.m_data);
}
 
/** @} */
 
/**
 * Integer quotient from dividing two Times.
 *
 * This is the same as the "normal" C++ integer division,
 * which truncates (discarding any remainder).
 *
 * As usual, if `ta`, and `tb` are both Times
 *
 * @code
 *     ta  ==  tb * Div (ta, tb) + Rem (ta, tb);
 *
 *     ta  ==  tb * (ta / tb).GetHigh()  + ta % tb;
 * @endcode
 *
 * @param [in] lhs The first value
 * @param [in] rhs The second value
 * @returns The integer portion of `lhs / rhs`.
 *
 * @see Rem()
 */
inline int64_t
Div(const Time& lhs, const Time& rhs)
{
    return lhs.m_data / rhs.m_data;
}
 
/**
 * Compound addition assignment for Time.
 * @param [in] lhs The first value
 * @param [in] rhs The second value
 * @returns The sum of the two inputs.
 */
inline Time&
operator+=(Time& lhs, const Time& rhs)
{
    lhs.m_data += rhs.m_data;
    return lhs;
}
 
/**
 * Compound subtraction assignment for Time.
 * @param [in] lhs The first value
 * @param [in] rhs The second value
 * @returns The difference of the two operands.
 */
inline Time&
operator-=(Time& lhs, const Time& rhs)
{
    lhs.m_data -= rhs.m_data;
    return lhs;
}
 
/**
 * Absolute value for Time.
 * @param [in] time The Time value
 * @returns The absolute value of the input.
 */
inline Time
Abs(const Time& time)
{
    return Time((time.m_data < 0) ? -time.m_data : time.m_data);
}
 
/**
 * Maximum of two Times.
 * @param [in] timeA The first value
 * @param [in] timeB The second value
 * @returns The larger of the two operands.
 */
inline Time
Max(const Time& timeA, const Time& timeB)
{
    return Time((timeA.m_data < timeB.m_data) ? timeB : timeA);
}
 
/**
 * Minimum of two Times.
 * @param [in] timeA The first value
 * @param [in] timeB The second value
 * @returns The smaller of the two operands.
 */
inline Time
Min(const Time& timeA, const Time& timeB)
{
    return Time((timeA.m_data > timeB.m_data) ? timeB : timeA);
}
 
/**
 * Time output streamer.
 *
 * Generates output such as "396.0ns".
 *
 * For historical reasons Times are printed with the
 * following format flags (independent of the stream flags):
 *   - `showpos`
 *   - `fixed`
 *   - `left`
 *
 * The stream `width` and `precision` are ignored; Time output always
 * includes ".0".
 *
 * @see As() for more flexible output formatting.
 *
 * @param [in,out] os The output stream.
 * @param [in] time The Time to put on the stream.
 * @return The stream.
 */
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Time& time);
/**
 * Time input streamer
 *
 * Uses the Time(const std::string &) constructor
 *
 * @param [in,out] is The input stream.
 * @param [out] time The Time variable to set from the stream data.
 * @return The stream.
 */
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Time& time);
 
/**
 * @ingroup time
 * @defgroup timecivil Standard Time Units.
 * Convenience constructors in standard units.
 *
 * For example:
 * @code
 *   Time t = Seconds (2.0);
 *   Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (5.0), ...);
 * @endcode
 */
/**
 * @ingroup timecivil
 * Construct a Time in the indicated unit.
 * @param [in] value The value
 * @return The Time
 * @{
 */
inline Time
Years(double value)
{
    return Time::FromDouble(value, Time::Y);
}
 
inline Time
Years(int64x64_t value)
{
    return Time::From(value, Time::Y);
}
 
inline Time
Days(double value)
{
    return Time::FromDouble(value, Time::D);
}
 
inline Time
Days(int64x64_t value)
{
    return Time::From(value, Time::D);
}
 
inline Time
Hours(double value)
{
    return Time::FromDouble(value, Time::H);
}
 
inline Time
Hours(int64x64_t value)
{
    return Time::From(value, Time::H);
}
 
inline Time
Minutes(double value)
{
    return Time::FromDouble(value, Time::MIN);
}
 
inline Time
Minutes(int64x64_t value)
{
    return Time::From(value, Time::MIN);
}
 
/**
 * @copydoc Years()
 * @hidecaller
 * @hideref
 */
inline Time
Seconds(double value)
{
    return Time::FromDouble(value, Time::S);
}
 
inline Time
Seconds(int64x64_t value)
{
    return Time::From(value, Time::S);
}
 
/**
 * @copydoc Years()
 * @hidecaller
 * @hideref
 */
inline Time
MilliSeconds(uint64_t value)
{
    return Time::FromInteger(value, Time::MS);
}
 
inline Time
MilliSeconds(int64x64_t value)
{
    return Time::From(value, Time::MS);
}
 
/**
 * @copydoc Years()
 * @hidecaller
 * @hideref
 */
inline Time
MicroSeconds(uint64_t value)
{
    return Time::FromInteger(value, Time::US);
}
 
inline Time
MicroSeconds(int64x64_t value)
{
    return Time::From(value, Time::US);
}
 
/**
 * @copydoc Years()
 * @hidecaller
 * @hideref
 */
inline Time
NanoSeconds(uint64_t value)
{
    return Time::FromInteger(value, Time::NS);
}
 
inline Time
NanoSeconds(int64x64_t value)
{
    return Time::From(value, Time::NS);
}
 
inline Time
PicoSeconds(uint64_t value)
{
    return Time::FromInteger(value, Time::PS);
}
 
inline Time
PicoSeconds(int64x64_t value)
{
    return Time::From(value, Time::PS);
}
 
inline Time
FemtoSeconds(uint64_t value)
{
    return Time::FromInteger(value, Time::FS);
}
 
inline Time
FemtoSeconds(int64x64_t value)
{
    return Time::From(value, Time::FS);
}
 
/**@}*/ // Construct a Time in the indicated unit.
 
/**
 * Scheduler interface.
 *
 * @note This is internal to the Time implementation.
 * @param [in] ts The time value, in the current unit.
 * @return A Time.
 * @relates Time
 */
inline Time
TimeStep(uint64_t ts)
{
    return Time(ts);
}
 
ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_DEFINE(Time);
ATTRIBUTE_ACCESSOR_DEFINE(Time);
 
/**
 * @ingroup attribute_Time
 * Helper to make a Time checker with bounded range.
 * Both limits are inclusive
 *
 * @param [in] min Minimum allowed value.
 * @param [in] max Maximum allowed value.
 * @return The AttributeChecker
 */
Ptr<const AttributeChecker> MakeTimeChecker(const Time min, const Time max);
 
/**
 * @ingroup attribute_Time
 * Helper to make an unbounded Time checker.
 *
 * @return The AttributeChecker
 */
inline Ptr<const AttributeChecker>
MakeTimeChecker()
{
    return MakeTimeChecker(Time::Min(), Time::Max());
}
 
/**
 * @ingroup attribute_Time
 * Helper to make a Time checker with a lower bound.
 *
 * @param [in] min Minimum allowed value.
 * @return The AttributeChecker
 */
inline Ptr<const AttributeChecker>
MakeTimeChecker(const Time min)
{
    return MakeTimeChecker(min, Time::Max());
}
 
/**
 * @ingroup time
 * A Time with attached unit, to facilitate output in that unit.
 */
class TimeWithUnit
{
  public:
    /**
     * Attach a unit to a Time
     *
     * @param [in] time The time.
     * @param [in] unit The unit to use for output
     */
    TimeWithUnit(const Time time, const Time::Unit unit)
        : m_time(time),
          m_unit(unit)
    {
    }
 
  private:
    Time m_time;       //!< The time
    Time::Unit m_unit; //!< The unit to use in output
 
    /**
     * Output streamer
     * @param [in,out] os The stream.
     * @param [in] timeU The Time with desired unit
     * @returns The stream.
     */
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const TimeWithUnit& timeU);
 
    // end of class TimeWithUnit
};
 
/**
 * @ingroup time
 *
 * ns3::TypeNameGet<Time>() specialization.
 * @returns The type name as a string.
 */
TYPENAMEGET_DEFINE(Time);
 
} // namespace ns3
 
#endif /* TIME_H */