pie-queue-disc.cc

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/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2016 NITK Surathkal
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * Authors: Shravya Ks <shravya.ks0@gmail.com>
 *          Smriti Murali <m.smriti.95@gmail.com>
 *          Mohit P. Tahiliani <tahiliani@nitk.edu.in>
 */
 
/*
 * PORT NOTE: This code was ported from ns-2.36rc1 (queue/pie.cc).
 * Most of the comments are also ported from the same.
 */
 
#include "ns3/log.h"
#include "ns3/enum.h"
#include "ns3/uinteger.h"
#include "ns3/double.h"
#include "ns3/simulator.h"
#include "ns3/abort.h"
#include "pie-queue-disc.h"
#include "ns3/drop-tail-queue.h"
 
namespace ns3 {
 
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("PieQueueDisc");
 
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED (PieQueueDisc);
 
TypeId PieQueueDisc::GetTypeId (void)
{
  static TypeId tid = TypeId ("ns3::PieQueueDisc")
    .SetParent<QueueDisc> ()
    .SetGroupName ("TrafficControl")
    .AddConstructor<PieQueueDisc> ()
    .AddAttribute ("MeanPktSize",
                   "Average of packet size",
                   UintegerValue (1000),
                   MakeUintegerAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_meanPktSize),
                   MakeUintegerChecker<uint32_t> ()) 
    .AddAttribute ("A",
                   "Value of alpha",
                   DoubleValue (0.125),
                   MakeDoubleAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_a),
                   MakeDoubleChecker<double> ())
    .AddAttribute ("B",
                   "Value of beta",
                   DoubleValue (1.25),
                   MakeDoubleAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_b),
                   MakeDoubleChecker<double> ())
    .AddAttribute ("Tupdate",
                   "Time period to calculate drop probability",
                   TimeValue (MilliSeconds (15)),
                   MakeTimeAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_tUpdate),
                   MakeTimeChecker ())
    .AddAttribute ("Supdate",
                   "Start time of the update timer",
                   TimeValue (Seconds (0)),
                   MakeTimeAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_sUpdate),
                   MakeTimeChecker ())
    .AddAttribute ("MaxSize",
                   "The maximum number of packets accepted by this queue disc",
                   QueueSizeValue (QueueSize ("25p")),
                   MakeQueueSizeAccessor (&QueueDisc::SetMaxSize,
                                          &QueueDisc::GetMaxSize),
                   MakeQueueSizeChecker ())
    .AddAttribute ("DequeueThreshold",
                   "Minimum queue size in bytes before dequeue rate is measured",
                   UintegerValue (16384),
                   MakeUintegerAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_dqThreshold),
                   MakeUintegerChecker<uint32_t> ())
    .AddAttribute ("QueueDelayReference",
                   "Desired queue delay",
                   TimeValue (MilliSeconds (15)),
                   MakeTimeAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_qDelayRef),
                   MakeTimeChecker ())
    .AddAttribute ("MaxBurstAllowance",
                   "Current max burst allowance before random drop",
                   TimeValue (MilliSeconds (15)),
                   MakeTimeAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_maxBurst),
                   MakeTimeChecker ())
    .AddAttribute ("UseDequeueRateEstimator",
                   "Enable/Disable usage of Dequeue Rate Estimator",
                   BooleanValue (false),
                   MakeBooleanAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_useDqRateEstimator),
                   MakeBooleanChecker ())
    .AddAttribute ("UseCapDropAdjustment",
                   "Enable/Disable Cap Drop Adjustment feature mentioned in RFC 8033",
                   BooleanValue (true),
                   MakeBooleanAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_isCapDropAdjustment),
                   MakeBooleanChecker ())
    .AddAttribute ("UseEcn",
                   "True to use ECN (packets are marked instead of being dropped)",
                   BooleanValue (false),
                   MakeBooleanAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_useEcn),
                   MakeBooleanChecker ())
    .AddAttribute ("MarkEcnThreshold",
                   "ECN marking threshold (RFC 8033 suggests 0.1 (i.e., 10%) default)",
                   DoubleValue (0.1),
                   MakeDoubleAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_markEcnTh),
                   MakeDoubleChecker<double> (0,1))
    .AddAttribute ("UseDerandomization",
                   "Enable/Disable Derandomization feature mentioned in RFC 8033",
                   BooleanValue (false),
                   MakeBooleanAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_useDerandomization),
                   MakeBooleanChecker ())
    .AddAttribute ("ActiveThreshold",
                   "Threshold for activating PIE (disabled by default)",
                   TimeValue (Time::Max ()),
                   MakeTimeAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_activeThreshold),
                   MakeTimeChecker ())
    .AddAttribute ("CeThreshold",
                   "The FqPie CE threshold for marking packets",
                   TimeValue (Time::Max ()),
                   MakeTimeAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_ceThreshold),
                   MakeTimeChecker ())
    .AddAttribute ("UseL4s",
                   "True to use L4S (only ECT1 packets are marked at CE threshold)",
                   BooleanValue (false),
                   MakeBooleanAccessor (&PieQueueDisc::m_useL4s),
                   MakeBooleanChecker ())
  ;
 
  return tid;
}
 
PieQueueDisc::PieQueueDisc ()
  : QueueDisc (QueueDiscSizePolicy::SINGLE_INTERNAL_QUEUE)
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
  m_uv = CreateObject<UniformRandomVariable> ();
  m_rtrsEvent = Simulator::Schedule (m_sUpdate, &PieQueueDisc::CalculateP, this);
}
 
PieQueueDisc::~PieQueueDisc ()
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
}
 
void
PieQueueDisc::DoDispose (void)
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
  m_uv = 0;
  m_rtrsEvent.Cancel ();
  QueueDisc::DoDispose ();
}
 
Time
PieQueueDisc::GetQueueDelay (void)
{
  return m_qDelay;
}
 
int64_t
PieQueueDisc::AssignStreams (int64_t stream)
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << stream);
  m_uv->SetStream (stream);
  return 1;
}
 
bool
PieQueueDisc::DoEnqueue (Ptr<QueueDiscItem> item)
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << item);
 
  QueueSize nQueued = GetCurrentSize ();
  // If L4S is enabled, then check if the packet is ECT1, and if it is then set isEct true
  bool isEct1 = false;
  if (item && m_useL4s)
    {
      uint8_t tosByte = 0;
      if (item->GetUint8Value (QueueItem::IP_DSFIELD, tosByte) && (((tosByte & 0x3) == 1) || (tosByte & 0x3) == 3))
        {
          if ((tosByte & 0x3) == 1)
            {
              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Enqueueing ECT1 packet " << static_cast<uint16_t> (tosByte & 0x3));
            }
          else 
            {
              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Enqueueing CE packet " << static_cast<uint16_t> (tosByte & 0x3));
            }
          isEct1 = true; 
        }
    }
 
  if (nQueued + item > GetMaxSize ())
    {
      // Drops due to queue limit: reactive
      DropBeforeEnqueue (item, FORCED_DROP);
      m_accuProb = 0;
      return false;
    }
  // isEct1 will be true only if L4S enabled as well as the packet is ECT1.
  // If L4S is enabled and packet is ECT1 then directly enqueue the packet.
  else if ((m_activeThreshold == Time::Max () || m_active) && !isEct1 && DropEarly (item, nQueued.GetValue ()))
    {
      if (!m_useEcn || m_dropProb >= m_markEcnTh || !Mark (item, UNFORCED_MARK))
        {
          // Early probability drop: proactive
          DropBeforeEnqueue (item, UNFORCED_DROP);
          m_accuProb = 0;
          return false;
        }
    }
 
  // No drop
  bool retval = GetInternalQueue (0)->Enqueue (item);
 
  // If the queue is over a certain threshold, Turn ON PIE
  if (m_activeThreshold != Time::Max () && !m_active && m_qDelay >= m_activeThreshold)
    {
      m_active = true;
      m_qDelayOld = Seconds (0);
      m_dropProb = 0;
      m_inMeasurement = true;
      m_dqCount = 0;
      m_avgDqRate = 0;
      m_burstAllowance = m_maxBurst;
      m_accuProb = 0;
      m_dqStart = Now ();
    }
 
  // If queue has been Idle for a while, Turn OFF PIE
  // Reset Counters when accessing the queue after some idle period if PIE was active before
  if (m_activeThreshold != Time::Max () && m_dropProb == 0 && m_qDelayOld.GetMilliSeconds () == 0 && m_qDelay.GetMilliSeconds () == 0)
    {
      m_active = false;
      m_inMeasurement = false ;
    }
 
  // If Queue::Enqueue fails, QueueDisc::DropBeforeEnqueue is called by the
  // internal queue because QueueDisc::AddInternalQueue sets the trace callback
 
  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("\t bytesInQueue  " << GetInternalQueue (0)->GetNBytes ());
  NS_LOG_LOGIC ("\t packetsInQueue  " << GetInternalQueue (0)->GetNPackets ());
 
  return retval;
}
 
void
PieQueueDisc::InitializeParams (void)
{
  // Initially queue is empty so variables are initialize to zero except m_dqCount
  m_inMeasurement = false;
  m_dqCount = DQCOUNT_INVALID;
  m_dropProb = 0;
  m_avgDqRate = 0.0;
  m_dqStart = Seconds (0);
  m_burstState = NO_BURST;
  m_qDelayOld = Seconds (0);
  m_accuProb = 0.0;
  m_active = false;
}
 
bool PieQueueDisc::DropEarly (Ptr<QueueDiscItem> item, uint32_t qSize)
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << item << qSize);
  if (m_burstAllowance.GetSeconds () > 0)
    {
      // If there is still burst_allowance left, skip random early drop.
      return false;
    }
 
  if (m_burstState == NO_BURST)
    {
      m_burstState = IN_BURST_PROTECTING;
      m_burstAllowance = m_maxBurst;
    }
 
  double p = m_dropProb;
 
  uint32_t packetSize = item->GetSize ();
 
  if (GetMaxSize ().GetUnit () == QueueSizeUnit::BYTES)
    {
      p = p * packetSize / m_meanPktSize;
    }
 
  // Safeguard PIE to be work conserving (Section 4.1 of RFC 8033)
  if ((m_qDelayOld.GetSeconds () < (0.5 * m_qDelayRef.GetSeconds ())) && (m_dropProb < 0.2))
    {
      return false;
    }
  else if (GetMaxSize ().GetUnit () == QueueSizeUnit::BYTES && qSize <= 2 * m_meanPktSize)
    {
      return false;
    }
  else if (GetMaxSize ().GetUnit () == QueueSizeUnit::PACKETS && qSize <= 2)
    {
      return false;
    }
 
  if (m_useDerandomization)
    {
      if (m_dropProb == 0)
        {
          m_accuProb = 0;
        }
      m_accuProb += m_dropProb;
      if (m_accuProb < 0.85)
        {
          return false;
        }
      else if (m_accuProb >= 8.5)
        {
          return true;
        }
    }
 
  double u =  m_uv->GetValue ();
  if (u > p)
    {
      return false;
    }
 
  return true;
}
 
void PieQueueDisc::CalculateP ()
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
  Time qDelay;
  double p = 0.0;
  bool missingInitFlag = false;
 
  if (m_useDqRateEstimator)
    {
      if (m_avgDqRate > 0)
        {
          qDelay = Seconds (GetInternalQueue (0)->GetNBytes () / m_avgDqRate);
        }
      else
        {
          qDelay = Seconds (0);
          missingInitFlag = true;
        }
      m_qDelay = qDelay;
    }
  else
    {
      qDelay = m_qDelay;
    }
  NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Queue delay while calculating probability: " << qDelay.GetMilliSeconds () << "ms");
 
  if (m_burstAllowance.GetSeconds () > 0)
    {
      m_dropProb = 0;
    }
  else
    {
      p = m_a * (qDelay.GetSeconds () - m_qDelayRef.GetSeconds ()) + m_b * (qDelay.GetSeconds () - m_qDelayOld.GetSeconds ());
      if (m_dropProb < 0.000001)
        {
          p /= 2048;
        }
      else if (m_dropProb < 0.00001)
        {
          p /= 512;
        }
      else if (m_dropProb < 0.0001)
        {
          p /= 128;
        }
      else if (m_dropProb < 0.001)
        {
          p /= 32;
        }
      else if (m_dropProb < 0.01)
        {
          p /= 8;
        }
      else if (m_dropProb < 0.1)
        {
          p /= 2;
        }
      else
        {
          // The pseudocode in Section 4.2 of RFC 8033 suggests to use this for
          // assignment of p, but this assignment causes build failure on Mac OS
          // p = p;
        }
 
      // Cap Drop Adjustment (Section 5.5 of RFC 8033)
      if (m_isCapDropAdjustment && (m_dropProb >= 0.1) && (p > 0.02))
        {
          p = 0.02;
        }
    }
 
  p += m_dropProb;
 
  // For non-linear drop in prob
  // Decay the drop probability exponentially (Section 4.2 of RFC 8033)
  if (qDelay.GetSeconds () == 0 && m_qDelayOld.GetSeconds () == 0)
    {
      p *= 0.98;
    }
 
  // bound the drop probability (Section 4.2 of RFC 8033)
  if (p < 0)
    {
      m_dropProb = 0;
    }
  else if (p > 1)
    {
      m_dropProb = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      m_dropProb = p;
    }
 
  // Section 4.4 #2
  if (m_burstAllowance < m_tUpdate)
    {
      m_burstAllowance =  Seconds (0);
    }
  else
    {
      m_burstAllowance -= m_tUpdate;
    }
 
  uint32_t burstResetLimit = static_cast<uint32_t>(BURST_RESET_TIMEOUT / m_tUpdate.GetSeconds ());
  if ( (qDelay.GetSeconds () < 0.5 * m_qDelayRef.GetSeconds ()) && (m_qDelayOld.GetSeconds () < (0.5 * m_qDelayRef.GetSeconds ())) && (m_dropProb == 0) && !missingInitFlag )
    {
      m_dqCount = DQCOUNT_INVALID;
      m_avgDqRate = 0.0;
    }
  if ( (qDelay.GetSeconds () < 0.5 * m_qDelayRef.GetSeconds ()) && (m_qDelayOld.GetSeconds () < (0.5 * m_qDelayRef.GetSeconds ())) && (m_dropProb == 0) && (m_burstAllowance.GetSeconds () == 0))
    {
      if (m_burstState == IN_BURST_PROTECTING)
        {
          m_burstState = IN_BURST;
          m_burstReset = 0;
        }
      else if (m_burstState == IN_BURST)
        {
          m_burstReset++;
          if (m_burstReset > burstResetLimit)
            {
              m_burstReset = 0;
              m_burstState = NO_BURST;
            }
        }
    }
  else if (m_burstState == IN_BURST)
    {
      m_burstReset = 0;
    }
 
  m_qDelayOld = qDelay;
  m_rtrsEvent = Simulator::Schedule (m_tUpdate, &PieQueueDisc::CalculateP, this);
}
 
Ptr<QueueDiscItem>
PieQueueDisc::DoDequeue ()
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
 
  if (GetInternalQueue (0)->IsEmpty ())
    {
      NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Queue empty");
      return 0;
    }
 
  Ptr<QueueDiscItem> item = GetInternalQueue (0)->Dequeue ();
  NS_ASSERT_MSG (item != nullptr, "Dequeue null, but internal queue not empty");
 
  // If L4S is enabled and packet is ECT1, then check if delay is greater
  // than CE threshold and if it is then mark the packet,
  // skip PIE steps, and return the item.
  if (m_useL4s)
    {
      uint8_t tosByte = 0;
      if (item->GetUint8Value (QueueItem::IP_DSFIELD, tosByte) && (((tosByte & 0x3) == 1) || (tosByte & 0x3) == 3))
        {
          if ((tosByte & 0x3) == 1)
            {
              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("ECT1 packet " << static_cast<uint16_t> (tosByte & 0x3));
            }
          else 
            {
              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("CE packet " << static_cast<uint16_t> (tosByte & 0x3));
            }
          if ((Now () - item->GetTimeStamp () > m_ceThreshold) && Mark (item, CE_THRESHOLD_EXCEEDED_MARK))
            {
              NS_LOG_LOGIC ("Marking due to CeThreshold " << m_ceThreshold.GetSeconds ());
            }
          return item;
        }
    }  
 
  // if not in a measurement cycle and the queue has built up to dq_threshold,
  // start the measurement cycle
  if (m_useDqRateEstimator)
    {
      if ( (GetInternalQueue (0)->GetNBytes () >= m_dqThreshold) && (!m_inMeasurement) )
        {
          m_dqStart = Now ();
          m_dqCount = 0;
          m_inMeasurement = true;
        }
 
      if (m_inMeasurement)
        {
          m_dqCount += item->GetSize ();
 
          // done with a measurement cycle
          if (m_dqCount >= m_dqThreshold)
            {
              Time dqTime = Now () - m_dqStart;
              if (dqTime > Seconds (0))
                {
                  if (m_avgDqRate == 0)
                    {
                      m_avgDqRate = m_dqCount / dqTime.GetSeconds ();
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      m_avgDqRate = (0.5 * m_avgDqRate) + (0.5 * (m_dqCount / dqTime.GetSeconds ()));
                    }
                }
              NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Average Dequeue Rate after Dequeue: " << m_avgDqRate);
 
              // restart a measurement cycle if there is enough data
              if (GetInternalQueue (0)->GetNBytes () > m_dqThreshold)
                {
                  m_dqStart = Now ();
                  m_dqCount = 0;
                  m_inMeasurement = true;
                }
              else
                {
                  m_dqCount = 0;
                  m_inMeasurement = false;
                }
            }
        }
    }
  else
    {
      m_qDelay = Now () - item->GetTimeStamp ();
 
      if (GetInternalQueue (0)->GetNBytes () == 0)
        {
          m_qDelay = Seconds (0);
        }
    }
  return item;
}
 
bool
PieQueueDisc::CheckConfig (void)
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
  if (GetNQueueDiscClasses () > 0)
    {
      NS_LOG_ERROR ("PieQueueDisc cannot have classes");
      return false;
    }
 
  if (GetNPacketFilters () > 0)
    {
      NS_LOG_ERROR ("PieQueueDisc cannot have packet filters");
      return false;
    }
 
  if (GetNInternalQueues () == 0)
    {
      // add  a DropTail queue
      AddInternalQueue (CreateObjectWithAttributes<DropTailQueue<QueueDiscItem> >
                          ("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue (GetMaxSize ())));
    }
 
  if (GetNInternalQueues () != 1)
    {
      NS_LOG_ERROR ("PieQueueDisc needs 1 internal queue");
      return false;
    }
 
  return true;
}
 
} //namespace ns3