tcp-tx-buffer.cc

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2010-2015 Adrian Sai-wah Tam
 * Copyright (c) 2016 Natale Patriciello <natale.patriciello@gmail.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 *
 * Original author: Adrian Sai-wah Tam <adrian.sw.tam@gmail.com>
 */
 
#include "tcp-tx-buffer.h"
 
#include "ns3/abort.h"
#include "ns3/log.h"
#include "ns3/packet.h"
#include "ns3/simulator.h"
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
 
namespace ns3
{
 
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("TcpTxBuffer");
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(TcpTxBuffer);
 
TypeId
TcpTxBuffer::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid = TypeId("ns3::TcpTxBuffer")
                            .SetParent<Object>()
                            .SetGroupName("Internet")
                            .AddConstructor<TcpTxBuffer>()
                            .AddTraceSource("UnackSequence",
                                            "First unacknowledged sequence number (SND.UNA)",
                                            MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&TcpTxBuffer::m_firstByteSeq),
                                            "ns3::SequenceNumber32TracedValueCallback");
    return tid;
}
 
/* A user is supposed to create a TcpSocket through a factory. In TcpSocket,
 * there are attributes SndBufSize and RcvBufSize to control the default Tx and
 * Rx window sizes respectively, with default of 128 KiByte. The attribute
 * SndBufSize is passed to TcpTxBuffer by TcpSocketBase::SetSndBufSize() and in
 * turn, TcpTxBuffer:SetMaxBufferSize(). Therefore, the m_maxBuffer value
 * initialized below is insignificant.
 */
TcpTxBuffer::TcpTxBuffer(uint32_t n)
    : m_maxBuffer(32768),
      m_size(0),
      m_sentSize(0),
      m_firstByteSeq(n)
{
    m_rWndCallback = MakeNullCallback<uint32_t>();
}
 
TcpTxBuffer::~TcpTxBuffer()
{
    for (auto it = m_sentList.begin(); it != m_sentList.end(); ++it)
    {
        TcpTxItem* item = *it;
        m_sentSize -= item->m_packet->GetSize();
        delete item;
    }
 
    for (auto it = m_appList.begin(); it != m_appList.end(); ++it)
    {
        TcpTxItem* item = *it;
        m_size -= item->m_packet->GetSize();
        delete item;
    }
}
 
SequenceNumber32
TcpTxBuffer::HeadSequence() const
{
    return m_firstByteSeq;
}
 
SequenceNumber32
TcpTxBuffer::TailSequence() const
{
    return m_firstByteSeq + SequenceNumber32(m_size);
}
 
uint32_t
TcpTxBuffer::Size() const
{
    return m_size;
}
 
uint32_t
TcpTxBuffer::MaxBufferSize() const
{
    return m_maxBuffer;
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::SetMaxBufferSize(uint32_t n)
{
    m_maxBuffer = n;
}
 
bool
TcpTxBuffer::IsSackEnabled() const
{
    return m_sackEnabled;
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::SetSackEnabled(bool enabled)
{
    m_sackEnabled = enabled;
}
 
uint32_t
TcpTxBuffer::Available() const
{
    return m_maxBuffer - m_size;
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::SetDupAckThresh(uint32_t dupAckThresh)
{
    m_dupAckThresh = dupAckThresh;
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::SetSegmentSize(uint32_t segmentSize)
{
    m_segmentSize = segmentSize;
}
 
uint32_t
TcpTxBuffer::GetRetransmitsCount() const
{
    return m_retrans;
}
 
uint32_t
TcpTxBuffer::GetLost() const
{
    return m_lostOut;
}
 
uint32_t
TcpTxBuffer::GetSacked() const
{
    return m_sackedOut;
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::SetHeadSequence(const SequenceNumber32& seq)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << seq);
    m_firstByteSeq = seq;
 
    if (!m_sentList.empty())
    {
        m_sentList.front()->m_startSeq = seq;
    }
 
    // if you change the head with data already sent, something bad will happen
    NS_ASSERT(m_sentList.empty());
    m_sackSeen = false;
    m_highestSack = std::make_pair(m_sentList.end(), SequenceNumber32(0));
}
 
bool
TcpTxBuffer::Add(Ptr<Packet> p)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << p);
    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Try to append " << p->GetSize() << " bytes to window starting at "
                                  << m_firstByteSeq << ", availSize=" << Available());
    if (p->GetSize() <= Available())
    {
        if (p->GetSize() > 0)
        {
            auto item = new TcpTxItem();
            item->m_packet = p->Copy();
            m_appList.insert(m_appList.end(), item);
            m_size += p->GetSize();
 
            NS_LOG_LOGIC("Updated size=" << m_size << ", lastSeq="
                                         << m_firstByteSeq + SequenceNumber32(m_size));
        }
        return true;
    }
    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Rejected. Not enough room to buffer packet.");
    return false;
}
 
uint32_t
TcpTxBuffer::SizeFromSequence(const SequenceNumber32& seq) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << seq);
    // Sequence of last byte in buffer
    SequenceNumber32 lastSeq = TailSequence();
 
    if (lastSeq >= seq)
    {
        return static_cast<uint32_t>(lastSeq - seq);
    }
 
    NS_LOG_ERROR("Requested a sequence beyond our space (" << seq << " > " << lastSeq
                                                           << "). Returning 0 for convenience.");
    return 0;
}
 
TcpTxItem*
TcpTxBuffer::CopyFromSequence(uint32_t numBytes, const SequenceNumber32& seq)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << numBytes << seq);
 
    NS_ABORT_MSG_IF(m_firstByteSeq > seq,
                    "Requested a sequence number which is not in the buffer anymore");
    ConsistencyCheck();
 
    // Real size to extract. Insure not beyond end of data
    uint32_t s = std::min(numBytes, SizeFromSequence(seq));
 
    if (s == 0)
    {
        return nullptr;
    }
 
    TcpTxItem* outItem = nullptr;
 
    if (m_firstByteSeq + m_sentSize >= seq + s)
    {
        // already sent this block completely
        outItem = GetTransmittedSegment(s, seq);
        NS_ASSERT(outItem != nullptr);
        NS_ASSERT(!outItem->m_sacked);
 
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("Returning already sent item " << *outItem << " from " << *this);
    }
    else if (m_firstByteSeq + m_sentSize <= seq)
    {
        NS_ABORT_MSG_UNLESS(m_firstByteSeq + m_sentSize == seq,
                            "Requesting a piece of new data with an hole");
 
        // this is the first time we transmit this block
        outItem = GetNewSegment(s);
        NS_ASSERT(outItem != nullptr);
        NS_ASSERT(outItem->m_retrans == false);
 
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("Returning new item " << *outItem << " from " << *this);
    }
    else if (m_firstByteSeq.Get().GetValue() + m_sentSize > seq.GetValue() &&
             m_firstByteSeq.Get().GetValue() + m_sentSize < seq.GetValue() + s)
    {
        // Partial: a part is retransmission, the remaining data is new
        // Just return the old segment, without taking new data. Hopefully
        // TcpSocketBase will request new data
 
        uint32_t amount = (m_firstByteSeq.Get().GetValue() + m_sentSize) - seq.GetValue();
 
        return CopyFromSequence(amount, seq);
    }
 
    outItem->m_lastSent = Simulator::Now();
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(outItem->m_startSeq >= m_firstByteSeq,
                  "Returning an item " << *outItem << " with SND.UNA as " << m_firstByteSeq);
    ConsistencyCheck();
    return outItem;
}
 
TcpTxItem*
TcpTxBuffer::GetNewSegment(uint32_t numBytes)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << numBytes);
 
    SequenceNumber32 startOfAppList = m_firstByteSeq + m_sentSize;
 
    NS_LOG_INFO("AppList start at " << startOfAppList << ", sentSize = " << m_sentSize
                                    << " firstByte: " << m_firstByteSeq);
 
    TcpTxItem* item = GetPacketFromList(m_appList, startOfAppList, numBytes, startOfAppList);
    item->m_startSeq = startOfAppList;
 
    // Move item from AppList to SentList (should be the first, not too complex)
    auto it = std::find(m_appList.begin(), m_appList.end(), item);
    NS_ASSERT(it != m_appList.end());
 
    m_appList.erase(it);
    m_sentList.insert(m_sentList.end(), item);
    m_sentSize += item->m_packet->GetSize();
 
    return item;
}
 
TcpTxItem*
TcpTxBuffer::GetTransmittedSegment(uint32_t numBytes, const SequenceNumber32& seq)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << numBytes << seq);
    NS_ASSERT(seq >= m_firstByteSeq);
    NS_ASSERT(numBytes <= m_sentSize);
    NS_ASSERT(!m_sentList.empty());
 
    auto it = m_sentList.begin();
    bool listEdited = false;
    uint32_t s = numBytes;
 
    // Avoid to merge different packet for this retransmission if flags are
    // different.
    for (; it != m_sentList.end(); ++it)
    {
        if ((*it)->m_startSeq == seq)
        {
            auto next = it;
            next++;
            if (next != m_sentList.end())
            {
                // Next is not sacked and have the same value for m_lost ... there is the
                // possibility to merge
                if ((!(*next)->m_sacked) && ((*it)->m_lost == (*next)->m_lost))
                {
                    s = std::min(s, (*it)->m_packet->GetSize() + (*next)->m_packet->GetSize());
                }
                else
                {
                    // Next is sacked... better to retransmit only the first segment
                    s = std::min(s, (*it)->m_packet->GetSize());
                }
            }
            else
            {
                s = std::min(s, (*it)->m_packet->GetSize());
            }
            break;
        }
    }
 
    TcpTxItem* item = GetPacketFromList(m_sentList, m_firstByteSeq, s, seq, &listEdited);
 
    if (!item->m_retrans)
    {
        m_retrans += item->m_packet->GetSize();
        item->m_retrans = true;
    }
 
    return item;
}
 
std::pair<TcpTxBuffer::PacketList::const_iterator, SequenceNumber32>
TcpTxBuffer::FindHighestSacked() const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    SequenceNumber32 beginOfCurrentPacket = m_firstByteSeq;
 
    auto ret = std::make_pair(m_sentList.end(), SequenceNumber32(0));
 
    for (auto it = m_sentList.begin(); it != m_sentList.end(); ++it)
    {
        const TcpTxItem* item = *it;
        if (item->m_sacked)
        {
            ret = std::make_pair(it, beginOfCurrentPacket);
        }
        beginOfCurrentPacket += item->m_packet->GetSize();
    }
 
    return ret;
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::SplitItems(TcpTxItem* t1, TcpTxItem* t2, uint32_t size) const
{
    NS_ASSERT(t1 != nullptr && t2 != nullptr);
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << *t2 << size);
 
    t1->m_packet = t2->m_packet->CreateFragment(0, size);
    t2->m_packet->RemoveAtStart(size);
 
    t1->m_startSeq = t2->m_startSeq;
    t1->m_sacked = t2->m_sacked;
    t1->m_lastSent = t2->m_lastSent;
    t1->m_retrans = t2->m_retrans;
    t1->m_lost = t2->m_lost;
 
    t2->m_startSeq += size;
 
    NS_LOG_INFO("Split of size " << size << " result: t1 " << *t1 << " t2 " << *t2);
}
 
TcpTxItem*
TcpTxBuffer::GetPacketFromList(PacketList& list,
                               const SequenceNumber32& listStartFrom,
                               uint32_t numBytes,
                               const SequenceNumber32& seq,
                               bool* listEdited) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << numBytes << seq);
 
    /*
     * Our possibilities are sketched out in the following:
     *
     *                    |------|     |----|     |----|
     * GetList (m_data) = |      | --> |    | --> |    |
     *                    |------|     |----|     |----|
     *
     *                    ^ ^ ^  ^
     *                    | | |  |         (1)
     *                  seq | |  numBytes
     *                      | |
     *                      | |
     *                    seq numBytes     (2)
     *
     * (1) seq and numBytes are the boundary of some packet
     * (2) seq and numBytes are not the boundary of some packet
     *
     * We can have mixed case (e.g. seq over the boundary while numBytes not).
     *
     * If we discover that we are in (2) or in a mixed case, we split
     * packets accordingly to the requested bounds and re-run the function.
     *
     * In (1), things are pretty easy, it's just a matter of walking the list and
     * defragment packets, if needed (e.g. seq is the beginning of the first packet
     * while maxBytes is the end of some packet next in the list).
     */
 
    Ptr<Packet> currentPacket = nullptr;
    TcpTxItem* currentItem = nullptr;
    TcpTxItem* outItem = nullptr;
    auto it = list.begin();
    SequenceNumber32 beginOfCurrentPacket = listStartFrom;
 
    while (it != list.end())
    {
        currentItem = *it;
        currentPacket = currentItem->m_packet;
        NS_ASSERT_MSG(list != m_sentList || currentItem->m_startSeq >= m_firstByteSeq,
                      "start: " << m_firstByteSeq
                                << " currentItem start: " << currentItem->m_startSeq);
 
        // The objective of this snippet is to find (or to create) the packet
        // that begin with the sequence seq
 
        if (seq < beginOfCurrentPacket + currentPacket->GetSize())
        {
            // seq is inside the current packet
            if (seq == beginOfCurrentPacket)
            {
                // seq is the beginning of the current packet. Hurray!
                outItem = currentItem;
                NS_LOG_INFO("Current packet starts at seq " << seq << " ends at "
                                                            << seq + currentPacket->GetSize());
            }
            else if (seq > beginOfCurrentPacket)
            {
                // seq is inside the current packet but seq is not the beginning,
                // it's somewhere in the middle. Just fragment the beginning and
                // start again.
                NS_LOG_INFO("we are at " << beginOfCurrentPacket << " searching for " << seq
                                         << " and now we recurse because packet ends at "
                                         << beginOfCurrentPacket + currentPacket->GetSize());
                auto firstPart = new TcpTxItem();
                SplitItems(firstPart, currentItem, seq - beginOfCurrentPacket);
 
                // insert firstPart before currentItem
                list.insert(it, firstPart);
                if (listEdited)
                {
                    *listEdited = true;
                }
 
                return GetPacketFromList(list, listStartFrom, numBytes, seq, listEdited);
            }
            else
            {
                NS_FATAL_ERROR("seq < beginOfCurrentPacket: our data is before");
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // Walk the list, the current packet does not contain seq
            beginOfCurrentPacket += currentPacket->GetSize();
            it++;
            continue;
        }
 
        NS_ASSERT(outItem != nullptr);
 
        // The objective of this snippet is to find (or to create) the packet
        // that ends after numBytes bytes. We are sure that outPacket starts
        // at seq.
 
        if (seq + numBytes <= beginOfCurrentPacket + currentPacket->GetSize())
        {
            // the end boundary is inside the current packet
            if (numBytes == currentPacket->GetSize())
            {
                // the end boundary is exactly the end of the current packet. Hurray!
                if (currentItem->m_packet == outItem->m_packet)
                {
                    // A perfect match!
                    return outItem;
                }
                else
                {
                    // the end is exactly the end of current packet, but
                    // current > outPacket in the list. Merge current with the
                    // previous, and recurse.
                    NS_ASSERT(it != list.begin());
                    TcpTxItem* previous = *(--it);
 
                    list.erase(it);
 
                    MergeItems(previous, currentItem);
                    delete currentItem;
                    if (listEdited)
                    {
                        *listEdited = true;
                    }
 
                    return GetPacketFromList(list, listStartFrom, numBytes, seq, listEdited);
                }
            }
            else if (numBytes < currentPacket->GetSize())
            {
                // the end is inside the current packet, but it isn't exactly
                // the packet end. Just fragment, fix the list, and return.
                auto firstPart = new TcpTxItem();
                SplitItems(firstPart, currentItem, numBytes);
 
                // insert firstPart before currentItem
                list.insert(it, firstPart);
                if (listEdited)
                {
                    *listEdited = true;
                }
 
                return firstPart;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // The end isn't inside current packet, but there is an exception for
            // the merge and recurse strategy...
            if (++it == list.end())
            {
                // ...current is the last packet we sent. We have not more data;
                // Go for this one.
                NS_LOG_WARN("Cannot reach the end, but this case is covered "
                            "with conditional statements inside CopyFromSequence."
                            "Something has gone wrong, report a bug");
                return outItem;
            }
 
            // The current packet does not contain the requested end. Merge current
            // with the packet that follows, and recurse
            TcpTxItem* next = (*it); // Please remember we have incremented it
                                     // in the previous if
 
            MergeItems(currentItem, next);
            list.erase(it);
 
            delete next;
 
            if (listEdited)
            {
                *listEdited = true;
            }
 
            return GetPacketFromList(list, listStartFrom, numBytes, seq, listEdited);
        }
    }
 
    NS_FATAL_ERROR("This point is not reachable");
    return nullptr; // Silence compiler warning about lack of return value
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::MergeItems(TcpTxItem* t1, TcpTxItem* t2) const
{
    NS_ASSERT(t1 != nullptr && t2 != nullptr);
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << *t1 << *t2);
    NS_LOG_INFO("Merging " << *t2 << " into " << *t1);
 
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(t1->m_sacked == t2->m_sacked,
                  "Merging one sacked and another not sacked. Impossible");
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(t1->m_lost == t2->m_lost, "Merging one lost and another not lost. Impossible");
 
    // If one is retrans and the other is not, cancel the retransmitted flag.
    // We are merging this segment for the retransmit, so the count will
    // be updated in MarkTransmittedSegment.
    if (t1->m_retrans != t2->m_retrans)
    {
        if (t1->m_retrans)
        {
            auto self = const_cast<TcpTxBuffer*>(this);
            self->m_retrans -= t1->m_packet->GetSize();
            t1->m_retrans = false;
        }
        else
        {
            NS_ASSERT(t2->m_retrans);
            auto self = const_cast<TcpTxBuffer*>(this);
            self->m_retrans -= t2->m_packet->GetSize();
            t2->m_retrans = false;
        }
    }
 
    if (t1->m_lastSent < t2->m_lastSent)
    {
        t1->m_lastSent = t2->m_lastSent;
    }
 
    t1->m_packet->AddAtEnd(t2->m_packet);
 
    NS_LOG_INFO("Situation after the merge: " << *t1);
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::RemoveFromCounts(TcpTxItem* item, uint32_t size)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << *item << size);
    if (item->m_sacked)
    {
        NS_ASSERT(m_sackedOut >= size);
        m_sackedOut -= size;
    }
    if (item->m_retrans)
    {
        NS_ASSERT(m_retrans >= size);
        m_retrans -= size;
    }
    if (item->m_lost)
    {
        NS_ASSERT_MSG(m_lostOut >= size,
                      "Trying to remove " << size << " bytes from " << m_lostOut);
        m_lostOut -= size;
    }
}
 
bool
TcpTxBuffer::IsRetransmittedDataAcked(const SequenceNumber32& ack) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
    for (const auto& it : m_sentList)
    {
        TcpTxItem* item = it;
        Ptr<Packet> p = item->m_packet;
        if (item->m_startSeq + p->GetSize() == ack && !item->m_sacked && item->m_retrans)
        {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::DiscardUpTo(const SequenceNumber32& seq, const Callback<void, TcpTxItem*>& beforeDelCb)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << seq);
 
    // Cases do not need to scan the buffer
    if (m_firstByteSeq >= seq)
    {
        NS_LOG_DEBUG("Seq " << seq << " already discarded.");
        return;
    }
    NS_LOG_DEBUG("Remove up to " << seq << " lost: " << m_lostOut << " retrans: " << m_retrans
                                 << " sacked: " << m_sackedOut);
 
    // Scan the buffer and discard packets
    uint32_t offset = seq - m_firstByteSeq.Get(); // Number of bytes to remove
    uint32_t pktSize;
    auto i = m_sentList.begin();
    while (m_size > 0 && offset > 0)
    {
        if (i == m_sentList.end())
        {
            // Move data from app list to sent list, so we can delete the item
            Ptr<Packet> p [[maybe_unused]] =
                CopyFromSequence(offset, m_firstByteSeq)->GetPacketCopy();
            NS_ASSERT(p);
            i = m_sentList.begin();
            NS_ASSERT(i != m_sentList.end());
        }
        TcpTxItem* item = *i;
        Ptr<Packet> p = item->m_packet;
        pktSize = p->GetSize();
        NS_ASSERT_MSG(item->m_startSeq == m_firstByteSeq,
                      "Item starts at " << item->m_startSeq << " while SND.UNA is "
                                        << m_firstByteSeq << " from " << *this);
 
        if (offset >= pktSize)
        { // This packet is behind the seqnum. Remove this packet from the buffer
            m_size -= pktSize;
            m_sentSize -= pktSize;
            offset -= pktSize;
            m_firstByteSeq += pktSize;
 
            RemoveFromCounts(item, pktSize);
 
            i = m_sentList.erase(i);
            NS_LOG_INFO("Removed " << *item << " lost: " << m_lostOut << " retrans: " << m_retrans
                                   << " sacked: " << m_sackedOut << ". Remaining data " << m_size);
 
            if (!beforeDelCb.IsNull())
            {
                // Inform Rate algorithms only when a full packet is ACKed
                beforeDelCb(item);
            }
 
            delete item;
        }
        else if (offset > 0)
        { // Part of the packet is behind the seqnum. Fragment
            pktSize -= offset;
            NS_LOG_INFO(*item);
            // PacketTags are preserved when fragmenting
            item->m_packet = item->m_packet->CreateFragment(offset, pktSize);
            item->m_startSeq += offset;
            m_size -= offset;
            m_sentSize -= offset;
            m_firstByteSeq += offset;
 
            RemoveFromCounts(item, offset);
 
            NS_LOG_INFO("Fragmented one packet by size " << offset << ", new size=" << pktSize
                                                         << " resulting item is " << *item
                                                         << " status: " << *this);
            break;
        }
    }
    // Catching the case of ACKing a FIN
    if (m_size == 0)
    {
        m_firstByteSeq = seq;
    }
 
    if (!m_sentList.empty())
    {
        TcpTxItem* head = m_sentList.front();
        if (head->m_sacked)
        {
            NS_ASSERT(!head->m_lost);
            // It is not possible to have the UNA sacked; otherwise, it would
            // have been ACKed. This is, most likely, our wrong guessing
            // when adding Reno dupacks in the count.
            head->m_sacked = false;
            m_sackedOut -= head->m_packet->GetSize();
            NS_LOG_INFO("Moving the SACK flag from the HEAD to another segment");
            AddRenoSack();
            MarkHeadAsLost();
        }
 
        NS_ASSERT_MSG(head->m_startSeq == seq,
                      "While removing up to " << seq << " we get SND.UNA to " << m_firstByteSeq
                                              << " this is the result: " << *this);
    }
 
    if (m_highestSack.second <= m_firstByteSeq)
    {
        m_sackSeen = false;
        m_highestSack = std::make_pair(m_sentList.end(), SequenceNumber32(0));
    }
 
    NS_LOG_DEBUG("Discarded up to " << seq << " lost: " << m_lostOut << " retrans: " << m_retrans
                                    << " sacked: " << m_sackedOut);
    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Buffer status after discarding data " << *this);
    NS_ASSERT(m_firstByteSeq >= seq);
    NS_ASSERT(m_sentSize >= m_sackedOut + m_lostOut);
    ConsistencyCheck();
}
 
uint32_t
TcpTxBuffer::Update(const TcpOptionSack::SackList& list, const Callback<void, TcpTxItem*>& sackedCb)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
    NS_LOG_INFO("Updating scoreboard, got " << list.size() << " blocks to analyze");
 
    uint32_t bytesSacked = 0;
 
    for (auto option_it = list.begin(); option_it != list.end(); ++option_it)
    {
        auto item_it = m_sentList.begin();
        SequenceNumber32 beginOfCurrentPacket = m_firstByteSeq;
 
        if (m_firstByteSeq + m_sentSize < (*option_it).first)
        {
            NS_LOG_INFO("Not updating scoreboard, the option block is outside the sent list");
            return bytesSacked;
        }
 
        while (item_it != m_sentList.end())
        {
            uint32_t pktSize = (*item_it)->m_packet->GetSize();
 
            // Check the boundary of this packet ... only mark as sacked if
            // it is precisely mapped over the option. It means that if the receiver
            // is reporting as sacked single range bytes that are not mapped 1:1
            // in what we have, the option is discarded. There's room for improvement
            // here.
            if (beginOfCurrentPacket >= (*option_it).first &&
                beginOfCurrentPacket + pktSize <= (*option_it).second)
            {
                if ((*item_it)->m_sacked)
                {
                    NS_ASSERT(!(*item_it)->m_lost);
                    NS_LOG_INFO("Received block " << *option_it << ", checking sentList for block "
                                                  << *(*item_it)
                                                  << ", found in the sackboard already sacked");
                }
                else
                {
                    if ((*item_it)->m_lost)
                    {
                        (*item_it)->m_lost = false;
                        m_lostOut -= (*item_it)->m_packet->GetSize();
                    }
 
                    (*item_it)->m_sacked = true;
                    m_sackedOut += (*item_it)->m_packet->GetSize();
                    bytesSacked += (*item_it)->m_packet->GetSize();
 
                    if (m_highestSack.first == m_sentList.end() ||
                        m_highestSack.second <= beginOfCurrentPacket + pktSize)
                    {
                        m_sackSeen = true;
                        m_highestSack = std::make_pair(item_it, beginOfCurrentPacket);
                    }
 
                    NS_LOG_INFO("Received block "
                                << *option_it << ", checking sentList for block " << *(*item_it)
                                << ", found in the sackboard, sacking, current highSack: "
                                << m_highestSack.second);
 
                    if (!sackedCb.IsNull())
                    {
                        sackedCb(*item_it);
                    }
                }
            }
            else if (beginOfCurrentPacket + pktSize > (*option_it).second)
            {
                // We already passed the received block end. Exit from the loop
                NS_LOG_INFO("Received block [" << *option_it << ", checking sentList for block "
                                               << *(*item_it) << "], not found, breaking loop");
                break;
            }
 
            beginOfCurrentPacket += pktSize;
            ++item_it;
        }
    }
 
    if (bytesSacked > 0)
    {
        NS_ASSERT_MSG(m_highestSack.first != m_sentList.end(), "Buffer status: " << *this);
        UpdateLostCount();
    }
 
    NS_ASSERT((*(m_sentList.begin()))->m_sacked == false);
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(m_sentSize >= m_sackedOut + m_lostOut, *this);
    // Assert for duplicated SACK or impossibility to map the option into the sent blocks
    // NS_ASSERT (list.size () == 0 || modified);
    ConsistencyCheck();
    return bytesSacked;
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::UpdateLostCount()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
    uint32_t sacked = 0;
    SequenceNumber32 beginOfCurrentPacket = m_highestSack.second;
    if (m_highestSack.first == m_sentList.end())
    {
        NS_LOG_INFO("Status before the update: " << *this
                                                 << ", will start from the latest sent item");
    }
    else
    {
        NS_LOG_INFO("Status before the update: " << *this << ", will start from item "
                                                 << *(*m_highestSack.first));
    }
 
    for (auto it = m_highestSack.first; it != m_sentList.begin(); --it)
    {
        TcpTxItem* item = *it;
        if (item->m_sacked)
        {
            sacked++;
        }
 
        if (sacked >= m_dupAckThresh)
        {
            if (!item->m_sacked && !item->m_lost)
            {
                item->m_lost = true;
                m_lostOut += item->m_packet->GetSize();
            }
        }
        beginOfCurrentPacket -= item->m_packet->GetSize();
    }
 
    if (sacked >= m_dupAckThresh)
    {
        TcpTxItem* item = *m_sentList.begin();
        if (!item->m_lost)
        {
            item->m_lost = true;
            m_lostOut += item->m_packet->GetSize();
        }
    }
    NS_LOG_INFO("Status after the update: " << *this);
    ConsistencyCheck();
}
 
bool
TcpTxBuffer::IsLost(const SequenceNumber32& seq) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << seq);
 
    if (seq >= m_highestSack.second)
    {
        return false;
    }
 
    // In theory, using a map and hints when inserting elements can improve
    // performance
    for (auto it = m_sentList.begin(); it != m_sentList.end(); ++it)
    {
        // Search for the right iterator before calling IsLost()
        if ((*it)->m_startSeq <= seq && seq < (*it)->m_startSeq + (*it)->m_packet->GetSize())
        {
            if ((*it)->m_lost)
            {
                NS_LOG_INFO("seq=" << seq << " is lost because of lost flag");
                return true;
            }
 
            if ((*it)->m_sacked)
            {
                NS_LOG_INFO("seq=" << seq << " is not lost because of sacked flag");
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
 
    return false;
}
 
bool
TcpTxBuffer::NextSeg(SequenceNumber32* seq, SequenceNumber32* seqHigh, bool isRecovery) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << isRecovery);
    /* RFC 6675, NextSeg definition.
     *
     * (1) If there exists a smallest unSACKed sequence number 'S2' that
     *     meets the following three criteria for determining loss, the
     *     sequence range of one segment of up to SMSS octets starting
     *     with S2 MUST be returned.
     *
     *     (1.a) S2 is greater than HighRxt.
     *
     *     (1.b) S2 is less than the highest octet covered by any
     *           received SACK.
     *
     *     (1.c) IsLost (S2) returns true.
     */
    TcpTxItem* item;
    SequenceNumber32 seqPerRule3;
    bool isSeqPerRule3Valid = false;
    SequenceNumber32 beginOfCurrentPkt = m_firstByteSeq;
 
    for (auto it = m_sentList.begin(); it != m_sentList.end(); ++it)
    {
        item = *it;
 
        // Condition 1.a , 1.b , and 1.c
        if (!item->m_retrans && !item->m_sacked &&
            ((m_sackSeen && item->m_startSeq < m_highestSack.second) || !m_sackSeen))
        {
            if (item->m_lost)
            {
                NS_LOG_INFO("IsLost, returning" << beginOfCurrentPkt);
                *seq = beginOfCurrentPkt;
                *seqHigh = *seq + m_segmentSize;
                return true;
            }
            else if (seqPerRule3.GetValue() == 0 && isRecovery)
            {
                NS_LOG_INFO("Saving for rule 3 the seq " << beginOfCurrentPkt);
                isSeqPerRule3Valid = true;
                seqPerRule3 = beginOfCurrentPkt;
            }
        }
 
        // Nothing found, iterate
        beginOfCurrentPkt += item->m_packet->GetSize();
    }
 
    /* (2) If no sequence number 'S2' per rule (1) exists but there
     *     exists available unsent data and the receiver's advertised
     *     window allows, the sequence range of one segment of up to SMSS
     *     octets of previously unsent data starting with sequence number
     *     HighData+1 MUST be returned.
     */
    if (SizeFromSequence(m_firstByteSeq + m_sentSize) > 0)
    {
        if (m_sentSize < m_rWndCallback())
        {
            NS_LOG_INFO("There is unsent data. Send it");
            *seq = m_firstByteSeq + m_sentSize;
            *seqHigh = *seq + std::min<uint32_t>(m_segmentSize, (m_rWndCallback() - m_sentSize));
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            NS_LOG_INFO("There is no available receiver window to send");
            return false;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        NS_LOG_INFO("There isn't unsent data.");
    }
 
    /* (3) If the conditions for rules (1) and (2) fail, but there exists
     *     an unSACKed sequence number 'S3' that meets the criteria for
     *     detecting loss given in steps (1.a) and (1.b) above
     *     (specifically excluding step (1.c)), then one segment of up to
     *     SMSS octets starting with S3 SHOULD be returned.
     */
    if (isSeqPerRule3Valid)
    {
        NS_LOG_INFO("Rule3 valid. " << seqPerRule3);
        *seq = seqPerRule3;
        *seqHigh = *seq + m_segmentSize;
        return true;
    }
 
    /* (4) If the conditions for (1), (2), and (3) fail, but there exists
     *     outstanding unSACKed data, we provide the opportunity for a
     *     single "rescue" retransmission per entry into loss recovery.
     *     If HighACK is greater than RescueRxt (or RescueRxt is
     *     undefined), then one segment of up to SMSS octets that MUST
     *     include the highest outstanding unSACKed sequence number
     *     SHOULD be returned, and RescueRxt set to RecoveryPoint.
     *     HighRxt MUST NOT be updated.
     *
     * This point require too much interaction between us and TcpSocketBase.
     * We choose to not respect the SHOULD (allowed from RFC MUST/SHOULD definition)
     */
    NS_LOG_INFO("Can't return anything");
    return false;
}
 
uint32_t
TcpTxBuffer::BytesInFlight() const
{
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(m_sackedOut + m_lostOut <= m_sentSize,
                  "Count of sacked " << m_sackedOut << " and lost " << m_lostOut
                                     << " is out of sync with sent list size " << m_sentSize << " "
                                     << *this);
    uint32_t leftOut = m_sackedOut + m_lostOut;
    uint32_t retrans = m_retrans;
 
    NS_LOG_INFO("Sent size: " << m_sentSize << " leftOut: " << leftOut << " retrans: " << retrans);
    uint32_t in_flight = m_sentSize - leftOut + retrans;
 
    // uint32_t rfc_in_flight = BytesInFlightRFC (3, segmentSize);
    // NS_ASSERT_MSG(in_flight == rfc_in_flight,
    //               "Calculated: " << in_flight << " RFC: " << rfc_in_flight <<
    //               "Sent size: " << m_sentSize << " leftOut: " << leftOut <<
    //                              " retrans: " << retrans);
    return in_flight;
}
 
uint32_t
TcpTxBuffer::BytesInFlightRFC() const
{
    TcpTxItem* item;
    uint32_t size = 0; // "pipe" in RFC
    SequenceNumber32 beginOfCurrentPkt = m_firstByteSeq;
    uint32_t sackedOut = 0;
    uint32_t lostOut = 0;
    uint32_t retrans = 0;
    uint32_t totalSize = 0;
 
    // After initializing pipe to zero, the following steps are taken for each
    // octet 'S1' in the sequence space between HighACK and HighData that has not
    // been SACKed:
    for (auto it = m_sentList.begin(); it != m_sentList.end(); ++it)
    {
        item = *it;
        totalSize += item->m_packet->GetSize();
        if (!item->m_sacked)
        {
            bool isLost = IsLostRFC(beginOfCurrentPkt, it);
            // (a) If IsLost (S1) returns false: Pipe is incremented by 1 octet.
            // (b) If S1 <= HighRxt: Pipe is incremented by 1 octet.
            // (NOTE: we use the m_retrans flag instead of keeping and updating
            // another variable). Only if the item is not marked as lost
            if (!isLost || item->m_retrans)
            {
                size += item->m_packet->GetSize();
            }
 
            if (isLost)
            {
                lostOut += item->m_packet->GetSize();
            }
        }
        else
        {
            sackedOut += item->m_packet->GetSize();
        }
 
        if (item->m_retrans)
        {
            retrans += item->m_packet->GetSize();
        }
        beginOfCurrentPkt += item->m_packet->GetSize();
    }
 
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(lostOut == m_lostOut,
                  "Lost counted: " << lostOut << " " << m_lostOut << "\n"
                                   << *this);
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(retrans == m_retrans,
                  "Retrans Counted: " << retrans << " " << m_retrans << "\n"
                                      << *this);
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(sackedOut == m_sackedOut,
                  "Sacked counted: " << sackedOut << " " << m_sackedOut << *this);
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(totalSize == m_sentSize,
                  "Sent size counted: " << totalSize << " " << m_sentSize << *this);
 
    return size;
}
 
bool
TcpTxBuffer::IsLostRFC(const SequenceNumber32& seq, const PacketList::const_iterator& segment) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << seq);
    uint32_t count = 0;
    uint32_t bytes = 0;
    PacketList::const_iterator it;
    TcpTxItem* item;
    Ptr<const Packet> current;
    SequenceNumber32 beginOfCurrentPacket = seq;
 
    if ((*segment)->m_sacked)
    {
        return false;
    }
 
    // From RFC 6675:
    // > The routine returns true when either dupThresh discontiguous SACKed
    // > sequences have arrived above 'seq' or more than (dupThresh - 1) * SMSS bytes
    // > with sequence numbers greater than 'SeqNum' have been SACKed.  Otherwise, the
    // > routine returns false.
    for (it = segment; it != m_sentList.end(); ++it)
    {
        item = *it;
        current = item->m_packet;
 
        if (item->m_sacked)
        {
            NS_LOG_INFO("Segment " << *item << " found to be SACKed while checking for " << seq);
            ++count;
            bytes += current->GetSize();
            if ((count >= m_dupAckThresh) || (bytes > (m_dupAckThresh - 1) * m_segmentSize))
            {
                NS_LOG_INFO("seq=" << seq << " is lost because of 3 sacked blocks ahead");
                return true;
            }
        }
 
        if (beginOfCurrentPacket >= m_highestSack.second)
        {
            if (item->m_lost && !item->m_retrans)
            {
                return true;
            }
 
            NS_LOG_INFO("seq=" << seq << " is not lost because there are no sacked segment ahead");
            return false;
        }
 
        beginOfCurrentPacket += current->GetSize();
    }
    if (it == m_highestSack.first)
    {
        NS_LOG_INFO("seq=" << seq << " is not lost because there are no sacked segment ahead "
                           << m_highestSack.second);
    }
    return false;
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::ResetRenoSack()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    m_sackedOut = 0;
    for (auto it = m_sentList.begin(); it != m_sentList.end(); ++it)
    {
        (*it)->m_sacked = false;
    }
 
    m_highestSack = std::make_pair(m_sentList.end(), SequenceNumber32(0));
    m_sackSeen = false;
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::SetRWndCallback(Callback<uint32_t> rWndCallback)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
    m_rWndCallback = rWndCallback;
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::ResetSentList()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
    TcpTxItem* item;
 
    // Keep the head items; they will then marked as lost
    while (!m_sentList.empty())
    {
        item = m_sentList.back();
        item->m_retrans = item->m_sacked = item->m_lost = false;
        m_appList.push_front(item);
        m_sentList.pop_back();
    }
 
    m_sentSize = 0;
    m_lostOut = 0;
    m_retrans = 0;
    m_sackedOut = 0;
    m_sackSeen = false;
    m_highestSack = std::make_pair(m_sentList.end(), SequenceNumber32(0));
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::ResetLastSegmentSent()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
    if (!m_sentList.empty())
    {
        TcpTxItem* item = m_sentList.back();
 
        m_sentList.pop_back();
        m_sentSize -= item->m_packet->GetSize();
        if (item->m_retrans)
        {
            m_retrans -= item->m_packet->GetSize();
        }
        m_appList.insert(m_appList.begin(), item);
    }
    ConsistencyCheck();
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::SetSentListLost(bool resetSack)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
    m_retrans = 0;
 
    if (resetSack)
    {
        m_sackedOut = 0;
        m_lostOut = m_sentSize;
        m_sackSeen = false;
        m_highestSack = std::make_pair(m_sentList.end(), SequenceNumber32(0));
    }
    else
    {
        m_lostOut = 0;
    }
 
    for (auto it = m_sentList.begin(); it != m_sentList.end(); ++it)
    {
        if (resetSack)
        {
            (*it)->m_sacked = false;
            (*it)->m_lost = true;
        }
        else
        {
            if ((*it)->m_lost)
            {
                // Have to increment it because we set it to 0 at line 1133
                m_lostOut += (*it)->m_packet->GetSize();
            }
            else if (!(*it)->m_sacked)
            {
                // Packet is not marked lost, nor is sacked. Then it becomes lost.
                (*it)->m_lost = true;
                m_lostOut += (*it)->m_packet->GetSize();
            }
        }
 
        (*it)->m_retrans = false;
    }
 
    NS_LOG_INFO("Set sent list lost, status: " << *this);
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(m_sentSize >= m_sackedOut + m_lostOut, *this);
    ConsistencyCheck();
}
 
bool
TcpTxBuffer::IsHeadRetransmitted() const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    if (m_sentSize == 0)
    {
        return false;
    }
 
    return m_sentList.front()->m_retrans;
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::DeleteRetransmittedFlagFromHead()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    if (m_sentSize == 0)
    {
        return;
    }
 
    if (m_sentList.front()->m_retrans)
    {
        m_sentList.front()->m_retrans = false;
        m_retrans -= m_sentList.front()->m_packet->GetSize();
    }
    ConsistencyCheck();
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::MarkHeadAsLost()
{
    if (!m_sentList.empty())
    {
        // If the head is sacked (reneging by the receiver the previously sent
        // information) we revert the sacked flag.
        // A sacked head means that we should advance SND.UNA.. so it's an error.
        if (m_sentList.front()->m_sacked)
        {
            m_sentList.front()->m_sacked = false;
            m_sackedOut -= m_sentList.front()->m_packet->GetSize();
        }
 
        if (m_sentList.front()->m_retrans)
        {
            m_sentList.front()->m_retrans = false;
            m_retrans -= m_sentList.front()->m_packet->GetSize();
        }
 
        if (!m_sentList.front()->m_lost)
        {
            m_sentList.front()->m_lost = true;
            m_lostOut += m_sentList.front()->m_packet->GetSize();
        }
    }
    ConsistencyCheck();
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::AddRenoSack()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    if (m_sackEnabled)
    {
        NS_ASSERT(m_sentList.size() > 1);
    }
    else
    {
        NS_ASSERT(!m_sentList.empty());
    }
 
    m_renoSack = true;
 
    // We can _never_ SACK the head, so start from the second segment sent
    auto it = ++m_sentList.begin();
 
    // Find the "highest sacked" point, that is SND.UNA + m_sackedOut
    while (it != m_sentList.end() && (*it)->m_sacked)
    {
        ++it;
    }
 
    // Add to the sacked size the size of the first "not sacked" segment
    if (it != m_sentList.end())
    {
        (*it)->m_sacked = true;
        m_sackedOut += (*it)->m_packet->GetSize();
        m_sackSeen = true;
        m_highestSack = std::make_pair(it, (*it)->m_startSeq);
        NS_LOG_INFO("Added a Reno SACK, status: " << *this);
    }
    else
    {
        NS_LOG_INFO("Can't add a Reno SACK because we miss segments. This dupack"
                    " should be arrived from spurious retransmissions");
    }
 
    ConsistencyCheck();
}
 
void
TcpTxBuffer::ConsistencyCheck() const
{
    static const bool enable = false;
 
    if (!enable)
    {
        return;
    }
 
    uint32_t sacked = 0;
    uint32_t lost = 0;
    uint32_t retrans = 0;
 
    for (auto it = m_sentList.begin(); it != m_sentList.end(); ++it)
    {
        if ((*it)->m_sacked)
        {
            sacked += (*it)->m_packet->GetSize();
        }
        if ((*it)->m_lost)
        {
            lost += (*it)->m_packet->GetSize();
        }
        if ((*it)->m_retrans)
        {
            retrans += (*it)->m_packet->GetSize();
        }
    }
 
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(sacked == m_sackedOut,
                  "Counted SACK: " << sacked << " stored SACK: " << m_sackedOut);
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(lost == m_lostOut, " Counted lost: " << lost << " stored lost: " << m_lostOut);
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(retrans == m_retrans,
                  " Counted retrans: " << retrans << " stored retrans: " << m_retrans);
}
 
std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& os, const TcpTxItem& item)
{
    item.Print(os);
    return os;
}
 
std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& os, const TcpTxBuffer& tcpTxBuf)
{
    std::stringstream ss;
    SequenceNumber32 beginOfCurrentPacket = tcpTxBuf.m_firstByteSeq;
    uint32_t sentSize = 0;
    uint32_t appSize = 0;
 
    Ptr<const Packet> p;
    for (auto it = tcpTxBuf.m_sentList.begin(); it != tcpTxBuf.m_sentList.end(); ++it)
    {
        p = (*it)->GetPacket();
        ss << "{";
        (*it)->Print(ss);
        ss << "}";
        sentSize += p->GetSize();
        beginOfCurrentPacket += p->GetSize();
    }
 
    for (auto it = tcpTxBuf.m_appList.begin(); it != tcpTxBuf.m_appList.end(); ++it)
    {
        appSize += (*it)->GetPacket()->GetSize();
    }
 
    os << "Sent list: " << ss.str() << ", size = " << tcpTxBuf.m_sentList.size()
       << " Total size: " << tcpTxBuf.m_size << " m_firstByteSeq = " << tcpTxBuf.m_firstByteSeq
       << " m_sentSize = " << tcpTxBuf.m_sentSize << " m_retransOut = " << tcpTxBuf.m_retrans
       << " m_lostOut = " << tcpTxBuf.m_lostOut << " m_sackedOut = " << tcpTxBuf.m_sackedOut;
 
    NS_ASSERT(sentSize == tcpTxBuf.m_sentSize);
    NS_ASSERT(tcpTxBuf.m_size - tcpTxBuf.m_sentSize == appSize);
    return os;
}
 
} // namespace ns3