sta-wifi-mac.h

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006, 2009 INRIA
 * Copyright (c) 2009 MIRKO BANCHI
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 *
 * Authors: Mathieu Lacage <mathieu.lacage@sophia.inria.fr>
 *          Mirko Banchi <mk.banchi@gmail.com>
 */
 
#ifndef STA_WIFI_MAC_H
#define STA_WIFI_MAC_H
 
#include "wifi-mac.h"
 
#include "ns3/eht-configuration.h"
 
#include <set>
#include <variant>
 
class AmpduAggregationTest;
class MultiLinkOperationsTestBase;
class ProbeExchTest;
 
namespace ns3
{
 
class SupportedRates;
class CapabilityInformation;
class RandomVariableStream;
class WifiAssocManager;
class EmlsrManager;
 
/**
 * @ingroup wifi
 *
 * Type of association performed by this device (provided that it is supported by the standard
 * configured for this device).
 */
enum class WifiAssocType : uint8_t
{
    LEGACY = 0,
    ML_SETUP
};
 
/**
 * @ingroup wifi
 *
 * Scan type (active or passive)
 */
enum class WifiScanType : uint8_t
{
    ACTIVE = 0,
    PASSIVE
};
 
/**
 * @ingroup wifi
 *
 * Structure holding scan parameters
 */
struct WifiScanParams
{
    /**
     * Struct identifying a channel to scan.
     * A channel number equal to zero indicates to scan all the channels;
     * an unspecified band (WIFI_PHY_BAND_UNSPECIFIED) indicates to scan
     * all the supported PHY bands.
     */
    struct Channel
    {
        uint16_t number{0};                          ///< channel number
        WifiPhyBand band{WIFI_PHY_BAND_UNSPECIFIED}; ///< PHY band
    };
 
    /// typedef for a list of channels
    using ChannelList = std::list<Channel>;
 
    WifiScanType type;                    ///< indicates either active or passive scanning
    Ssid ssid;                            ///< desired SSID or wildcard SSID
    std::vector<ChannelList> channelList; ///< list of channels to scan, for each link
    Time probeDelay;                      ///< delay prior to transmitting a Probe Request
    Time minChannelTime;                  ///< minimum time to spend on each channel
    Time maxChannelTime;                  ///< maximum time to spend on each channel
};
 
/**
 * @ingroup wifi
 *
 * Enumeration for power management modes
 */
enum WifiPowerManagementMode : uint8_t
{
    WIFI_PM_ACTIVE = 0,
    WIFI_PM_SWITCHING_TO_PS,
    WIFI_PM_POWERSAVE,
    WIFI_PM_SWITCHING_TO_ACTIVE
};
 
/**
 * @ingroup wifi
 *
 * The Wifi MAC high model for a non-AP STA in a BSS. The state
 * machine is as follows:
 *
   \verbatim
   ┌───────────┐            ┌────────────────┐                           ┌─────────────┐
   │   Start   │      ┌─────┤   Associated   ◄───────────────────┐    ┌──►   Refused   │
   └─┬─────────┘      │     └────────────────┘                   │    │  └─────────────┘
     │                │                                          │    │
     │                │ ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐  │    │
     │                │ │                                     │  │    │
     │  ┌─────────────▼─▼──┐       ┌──────────────┐       ┌───┴──▼────┴───────────────────┐
     └──►   Unassociated   ├───────►   Scanning   ├───────►   Wait Association Response   │
        └──────────────────┘       └──────┬──▲────┘       └───────────────┬──▲────────────┘
                                          │  │                            │  │
                                          │  │                            │  │
                                          └──┘                            └──┘
   \endverbatim
 *
 * Notes:
 * 1. The state 'Start' is not included in #MacState and only used
 *    for illustration purpose.
 * 2. The Unassociated state is a transient state before STA starts the
 *    scanning procedure which moves it into the Scanning state.
 * 3. In Scanning, STA is gathering beacon or probe response frames from APs,
 *    resulted in a list of candidate AP. After the timeout, it then tries to
 *    associate to the best AP, which is indicated by the Association Manager.
 *    STA will restart the scanning procedure if SetActiveProbing() called.
 * 4. In the case when AP responded to STA's association request with a
 *    refusal, STA will try to associate to the next best AP until the list
 *    of candidate AP is exhausted which sends STA to Refused state.
 *    - Note that this behavior is not currently tested since ns-3 does not
  *     implement association refusal at present.
 * 5. The transition from Wait Association Response to Unassociated
 *    occurs if an association request fails without explicit
 *    refusal (i.e., the AP fails to respond).
 * 6. The transition from Associated to Wait Association Response
 *    occurs when STA's PHY capabilities changed. In this state, STA
 *    tries to reassociate with the previously associated AP.
 * 7. The transition from Associated to Unassociated occurs if the number
 *    of missed beacons exceeds the threshold.
 */
class StaWifiMac : public WifiMac
{
  public:
    /// Allow test cases to access private members
    friend class ::AmpduAggregationTest;
    friend class ::MultiLinkOperationsTestBase;
    friend class ::ProbeExchTest;
 
    /// type of the management frames used to get info about APs
    using MgtFrameType =
        std::variant<MgtBeaconHeader, MgtProbeResponseHeader, MgtAssocResponseHeader>;
 
    /**
     * Struct to hold information regarding observed AP through
     * active/passive scanning
     */
    struct ApInfo
    {
        /**
         * Information about links to setup
         */
        struct SetupLinksInfo
        {
            uint8_t localLinkId; ///< local link ID
            uint8_t apLinkId;    ///< AP link ID
            Mac48Address bssid;  ///< BSSID
        };
 
        Mac48Address m_bssid;  ///< BSSID
        Mac48Address m_apAddr; ///< AP MAC address
        double m_snr;          ///< SNR in linear scale
        MgtFrameType m_frame;  ///< The body of the management frame used to update AP info
        WifiScanParams::Channel m_channel; ///< The channel the management frame was received on
        uint8_t m_linkId;                  ///< ID of the link used to communicate with the AP
        std::list<SetupLinksInfo>
            m_setupLinks; ///< information about the links to setup between MLDs
    };
 
    /**
     * @brief Get the type ID.
     * @return the object TypeId
     */
    static TypeId GetTypeId();
 
    StaWifiMac();
    ~StaWifiMac() override;
 
    bool CanForwardPacketsTo(Mac48Address to) const override;
    int64_t AssignStreams(int64_t stream) override;
 
    /**
     * @param phys the physical layers attached to this MAC.
     */
    void SetWifiPhys(const std::vector<Ptr<WifiPhy>>& phys) override;
 
    /**
     * Set the Association Manager.
     *
     * @param assocManager the Association Manager
     */
    void SetAssocManager(Ptr<WifiAssocManager> assocManager);
 
    /**
     * Set the EMLSR Manager.
     *
     * @param emlsrManager the EMLSR Manager
     */
    void SetEmlsrManager(Ptr<EmlsrManager> emlsrManager);
 
    /**
     * @return the EMLSR Manager
     */
    Ptr<EmlsrManager> GetEmlsrManager() const;
 
    /**
     * Get the frame body of the Probe Request to transmit on the given link.
     *
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     * @return the Probe Request frame body
     */
    MgtProbeRequestHeader GetProbeRequest(uint8_t linkId) const;
 
    /**
     * Get the frame body of the Multi-Link Probe Request to transmit on the given link.
     *
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     * @param apLinkIds ID of the links on which the requested APs, affiliated with the
     *                  AP MLD, operate
     * @param apMldId the AP MLD ID to include in the Common Info field
     * @return the Multi-Link Probe Request frame body
     */
    MgtProbeRequestHeader GetMultiLinkProbeRequest(uint8_t linkId,
                                                   const std::vector<uint8_t>& apLinkIds,
                                                   std::optional<uint8_t> apMldId) const;
 
    /**
     * Enqueue the given probe request packet for transmission on the given link.
     *
     * @param probeReq the given Probe Request frame body
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     * @param addr1 the MAC address for the Address1 field
     * @param addr3 the MAC address for the Address3 field
     */
    void EnqueueProbeRequest(const MgtProbeRequestHeader& probeReq,
                             uint8_t linkId,
                             const Mac48Address& addr1 = Mac48Address::GetBroadcast(),
                             const Mac48Address& addr3 = Mac48Address::GetBroadcast());
 
    /**
     * This method is called after wait beacon timeout or wait probe request timeout has
     * occurred. This will trigger association process from beacons or probe responses
     * gathered while scanning.
     *
     * @param bestAp the info about the best AP to associate with, if one was found
     */
    void ScanningTimeout(const std::optional<ApInfo>& bestAp);
 
    /**
     * Return whether we are associated with an AP.
     *
     * @return true if we are associated with an AP, false otherwise
     */
    bool IsAssociated() const;
 
    /**
     * Get the IDs of the setup links (if any).
     *
     * @return the IDs of the setup links
     */
    std::set<uint8_t> GetSetupLinkIds() const;
 
    /**
     * Return the association ID.
     *
     * @return the association ID
     */
    uint16_t GetAssociationId() const;
 
    /// @return the type of association procedure performed by this device
    WifiAssocType GetAssocType() const;
 
    /**
     * Enable or disable Power Save mode on the given link.
     *
     * @param enableLinkIdPair a pair indicating whether to enable or not power save mode on
     *                         the link with the given ID
     */
    void SetPowerSaveMode(const std::pair<bool, uint8_t>& enableLinkIdPair);
 
    /**
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     * @return the current Power Management mode of the STA operating on the given link
     */
    WifiPowerManagementMode GetPmMode(uint8_t linkId) const;
 
    /**
     * Set the Power Management mode of the setup links after association.
     *
     * @param linkId the ID of the link used to establish association
     */
    void SetPmModeAfterAssociation(uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * Notify that the MPDU we sent was successfully received by the receiver
     * (i.e. we received an Ack from the receiver).
     *
     * @param mpdu the MPDU that we successfully sent
     */
    void TxOk(Ptr<const WifiMpdu> mpdu);
 
    void NotifyChannelSwitching(uint8_t linkId) override;
 
    /**
     * Notify the MAC that EMLSR mode has changed on the given set of links.
     *
     * @param linkIds the IDs of the links that are now EMLSR links (EMLSR mode is disabled
     *                on other links)
     */
    void NotifyEmlsrModeChanged(const std::set<uint8_t>& linkIds);
 
    /**
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     * @return whether the EMLSR mode is enabled on the given link
     */
    bool IsEmlsrLink(uint8_t linkId) const;
 
    /**
     * Notify that the given PHY switched channel to operate on another EMLSR link.
     *
     * @param phy the given PHY
     * @param linkId the ID of the EMLSR link on which the given PHY is operating
     * @param delay the delay after which the channel switch will be completed
     */
    void NotifySwitchingEmlsrLink(Ptr<WifiPhy> phy, uint8_t linkId, Time delay);
 
    /**
     * Cancel any scheduled event for connecting the given PHY to an EMLSR link.
     *
     * @param phyId the ID of the given PHY
     */
    void CancelEmlsrPhyConnectEvent(uint8_t phyId);
 
    /**
     * Block transmissions on the given link for the given reason.
     *
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     * @param reason the reason for blocking transmissions on the given link
     */
    void BlockTxOnLink(uint8_t linkId, WifiQueueBlockedReason reason);
 
    /**
     * Unblock transmissions on the given links for the given reason.
     *
     * @param linkIds the IDs of the given links
     * @param reason the reason for unblocking transmissions on the given links
     */
    void UnblockTxOnLink(std::set<uint8_t> linkIds, WifiQueueBlockedReason reason);
 
  protected:
    /**
     * Structure holding information specific to a single link. Here, the meaning of
     * "link" is that of the 11be amendment which introduced multi-link devices. For
     * previous amendments, only one link can be created.
     */
    struct StaLinkEntity : public WifiMac::LinkEntity
    {
        /// Destructor (a virtual method is needed to make this struct polymorphic)
        ~StaLinkEntity() override;
 
        bool sendAssocReq;                 //!< whether this link is used to send the
                                           //!< Association Request frame
        std::optional<Mac48Address> bssid; //!< BSSID of the AP to associate with over this link
        WifiPowerManagementMode pmMode{WIFI_PM_ACTIVE}; /**< the current PM mode, if the STA is
                                                             associated, or the PM mode to switch
                                                             to upon association, otherwise */
        bool emlsrEnabled{false}; //!< whether EMLSR mode is enabled on this link
    };
 
    /**
     * Get a reference to the link associated with the given ID.
     *
     * @param linkId the given link ID
     * @return a reference to the link associated with the given ID
     */
    StaLinkEntity& GetLink(uint8_t linkId) const;
 
    /**
     * Cast the given LinkEntity object to StaLinkEntity.
     *
     * @param link the given LinkEntity object
     * @return a reference to the object casted to StaLinkEntity
     */
    StaLinkEntity& GetStaLink(const std::unique_ptr<WifiMac::LinkEntity>& link) const;
 
  public:
    /**
     * The current MAC state of the STA.
     */
    enum MacState
    {
        ASSOCIATED,
        SCANNING,
        WAIT_ASSOC_RESP,
        UNASSOCIATED,
        REFUSED
    };
 
  private:
    void DoCompleteConfig() override;
 
    /**
     * Enable or disable active probing.
     *
     * @param enable enable or disable active probing
     */
    void SetActiveProbing(bool enable);
    /**
     * Return whether active probing is enabled.
     *
     * @return true if active probing is enabled, false otherwise
     */
    bool GetActiveProbing() const;
 
    /**
     * Determine whether the supported rates indicated in a given Beacon frame or
     * Probe Response frame fit with the configured membership selector.
     *
     * @param frame the given Beacon or Probe Response frame
     * @param linkId ID of the link the mgt frame was received over
     * @return whether the the supported rates indicated in the given management
     *         frame fit with the configured membership selector
     */
    bool CheckSupportedRates(std::variant<MgtBeaconHeader, MgtProbeResponseHeader> frame,
                             uint8_t linkId);
 
    void Receive(Ptr<const WifiMpdu> mpdu, uint8_t linkId) override;
    std::unique_ptr<LinkEntity> CreateLinkEntity() const override;
    Mac48Address DoGetLocalAddress(const Mac48Address& remoteAddr) const override;
    void Enqueue(Ptr<WifiMpdu> mpdu, Mac48Address to, Mac48Address from) override;
    void NotifyDropPacketToEnqueue(Ptr<Packet> packet, Mac48Address to) override;
 
    /**
     * Process the Beacon frame received on the given link.
     *
     * @param mpdu the MPDU containing the Beacon frame
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    void ReceiveBeacon(Ptr<const WifiMpdu> mpdu, uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * Process the Probe Response frame received on the given link.
     *
     * @param mpdu the MPDU containing the Probe Response frame
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    void ReceiveProbeResp(Ptr<const WifiMpdu> mpdu, uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * Process the (Re)Association Response frame received on the given link.
     *
     * @param mpdu the MPDU containing the (Re)Association Response frame
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    void ReceiveAssocResp(Ptr<const WifiMpdu> mpdu, uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * Update associated AP's information from the given management frame (Beacon,
     * Probe Response or Association Response). If STA is not associated, this
     * information will be used for the association process.
     *
     * @param frame the body of the given management frame
     * @param apAddr MAC address of the AP
     * @param bssid MAC address of BSSID
     * @param linkId ID of the link the management frame was received over
     */
    void UpdateApInfo(const MgtFrameType& frame,
                      const Mac48Address& apAddr,
                      const Mac48Address& bssid,
                      uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * Get the (Re)Association Request frame to send on a given link. The returned frame
     * never includes a Multi-Link Element.
     *
     * @param isReassoc whether a Reassociation Request has to be returned
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     * @return the (Re)Association Request frame
     */
    std::variant<MgtAssocRequestHeader, MgtReassocRequestHeader> GetAssociationRequest(
        bool isReassoc,
        uint8_t linkId) const;
 
    /**
     * Forward an association or reassociation request packet to the DCF.
     * The standard is not clear on the correct queue for management frames if QoS is supported.
     * We always use the DCF.
     *
     * @param isReassoc flag whether it is a reassociation request
     *
     */
    void SendAssociationRequest(bool isReassoc);
    /**
     * Try to ensure that we are associated with an AP by taking an appropriate action
     * depending on the current association status.
     */
    void TryToEnsureAssociated();
    /**
     * This method is called after the association timeout occurred. We switch the state to
     * WAIT_ASSOC_RESP and re-send an association request.
     */
    void AssocRequestTimeout();
    /**
     * Start the scanning process which trigger active or passive scanning based on the
     * active probing flag.
     */
    void StartScanning();
    /**
     * Return whether we are waiting for an association response from an AP.
     *
     * @return true if we are waiting for an association response from an AP, false otherwise
     */
    bool IsWaitAssocResp() const;
 
    /**
     * This method is called after we have not received a beacon from the AP on any link.
     */
    void MissedBeacons();
    /**
     * Restarts the beacon timer.
     *
     * @param delay the delay before the watchdog fires
     */
    void RestartBeaconWatchdog(Time delay);
    /**
     * Set the state to unassociated and try to associate again.
     */
    void Disassociated();
    /**
     * Return an instance of SupportedRates that contains all rates that we support
     * including HT rates.
     *
     * @param linkId the ID of the link for which the request is made
     * @return SupportedRates all rates that we support
     */
    AllSupportedRates GetSupportedRates(uint8_t linkId) const;
    /**
     * Return the Basic Multi-Link Element to include in the management frames transmitted
     * on the given link
     *
     * @param isReassoc whether the Basic Multi-Link Element is included in a Reassociation Request
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     * @return the Basic Multi-Link Element
     */
    MultiLinkElement GetBasicMultiLinkElement(bool isReassoc, uint8_t linkId) const;
 
    /**
     * Return the Probe Request Multi-Link Element to include in the management frames to transmit.
     *
     * @param apLinkIds ID of the links on which the requested APs operate
     * @param apMldId the AP MLD ID to include in the Common Info field
     * @return the Probe Request Multi-Link Element
     */
    MultiLinkElement GetProbeReqMultiLinkElement(const std::vector<uint8_t>& apLinkIds,
                                                 std::optional<uint8_t> apMldId) const;
 
    /**
     * @param apNegSupport the negotiation type supported by the AP MLD
     * @return the TID-to-Link Mapping element(s) to include in Association Request frame.
     */
    std::vector<TidToLinkMapping> GetTidToLinkMappingElements(
        WifiTidToLinkMappingNegSupport apNegSupport);
 
    /**
     * Set the current MAC state.
     *
     * @param value the new state
     */
    void SetState(MacState value);
 
    /**
     * EDCA Parameters
     */
    struct EdcaParams
    {
        AcIndex ac;     //!< the access category
        uint32_t cwMin; //!< the minimum contention window size
        uint32_t cwMax; //!< the maximum contention window size
        uint8_t aifsn;  //!< the number of slots that make up an AIFS
        Time txopLimit; //!< the TXOP limit
    };
 
    /**
     * Set the EDCA parameters for the given link.
     *
     * @param params the EDCA parameters
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    void SetEdcaParameters(const EdcaParams& params, uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * MU EDCA Parameters
     */
    struct MuEdcaParams
    {
        AcIndex ac;       //!< the access category
        uint32_t cwMin;   //!< the minimum contention window size
        uint32_t cwMax;   //!< the maximum contention window size
        uint8_t aifsn;    //!< the number of slots that make up an AIFS
        Time muEdcaTimer; //!< the MU EDCA timer
    };
 
    /**
     * Set the MU EDCA parameters for the given link.
     *
     * @param params the MU EDCA parameters
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    void SetMuEdcaParameters(const MuEdcaParams& params, uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * Return the Capability information for the given link.
     *
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     * @return the Capability information that we support
     */
    CapabilityInformation GetCapabilities(uint8_t linkId) const;
 
    /**
     * Indicate that PHY capabilities have changed.
     */
    void PhyCapabilitiesChanged();
 
    /**
     * Get the current primary20 channel used on the given link as a
     * (channel number, PHY band) pair.
     *
     * @param linkId the ID of the given link
     * @return a (channel number, PHY band) pair
     */
    WifiScanParams::Channel GetCurrentChannel(uint8_t linkId) const;
 
    void DoInitialize() override;
    void DoDispose() override;
 
    MacState m_state;                             ///< MAC state
    uint16_t m_aid;                               ///< Association AID
    Ptr<WifiAssocManager> m_assocManager;         ///< Association Manager
    WifiAssocType m_assocType;                    ///< type of association
    Ptr<EmlsrManager> m_emlsrManager;             ///< EMLSR Manager
    Time m_waitBeaconTimeout;                     ///< wait beacon timeout
    Time m_probeRequestTimeout;                   ///< probe request timeout
    Time m_assocRequestTimeout;                   ///< association request timeout
    EventId m_assocRequestEvent;                  ///< association request event
    uint32_t m_maxMissedBeacons;                  ///< maximum missed beacons
    EventId m_beaconWatchdog;                     //!< beacon watchdog
    Time m_beaconWatchdogEnd{0};                  //!< beacon watchdog end
    bool m_activeProbing;                         ///< active probing
    Ptr<RandomVariableStream> m_probeDelay;       ///< RandomVariable used to randomize the time
                                                  ///< of the first Probe Response on each channel
    Time m_pmModeSwitchTimeout;                   ///< PM mode switch timeout
    std::map<uint8_t, EventId> m_emlsrLinkSwitch; ///< maps PHY ID to the event scheduled to switch
                                                  ///< the corresponding PHY to a new EMLSR link
 
    /// store the DL TID-to-Link Mapping included in the Association Request frame
    WifiTidLinkMapping m_dlTidLinkMappingInAssocReq;
    /// store the UL TID-to-Link Mapping included in the Association Request frame
    WifiTidLinkMapping m_ulTidLinkMappingInAssocReq;
 
    TracedCallback<Mac48Address> m_assocLogger;                    ///< association logger
    TracedCallback<uint8_t, Mac48Address> m_setupCompleted;        ///< link setup completed logger
    TracedCallback<Mac48Address> m_deAssocLogger;                  ///< disassociation logger
    TracedCallback<Time> m_beaconArrival;                          ///< beacon arrival logger
    TracedCallback<ApInfo> m_beaconInfo;                           ///< beacon info logger
    TracedCallback<uint8_t, Ptr<WifiPhy>> m_emlsrLinkSwitchLogger; ///< EMLSR link switch logger
 
    /// TracedCallback signature for link setup completed/canceled events
    using LinkSetupCallback = void (*)(uint8_t /* link ID */, Mac48Address /* AP address */);
 
    /// TracedCallback signature for EMLSR link switch events
    using EmlsrLinkSwitchCallback = void (*)(uint8_t /* link ID */, Ptr<WifiPhy> /* PHY */);
};
 
/**
 * @brief Stream insertion operator.
 *
 * @param os the output stream
 * @param apInfo the AP information
 * @returns a reference to the stream
 */
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const StaWifiMac::ApInfo& apInfo);
 
} // namespace ns3
 
#endif /* STA_WIFI_MAC_H */