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== Mercurial repository layout for developers ==
This FAQ is for developers who have accounts on the server code.nsnam.org, and for maintainers.
 
'''Warning to readers:''' This info is really out of date and should be cleaned up/cleaned out.  In the meantime, please review the Sphinx documentation maintained here, especially the contributing guide:  https://www.nsnam.org/documentation/development-tree/
 
== New accounts on code.nsnam.org ==
 
'''Node:''' code.nsnam.org is now legacy Mercurial server-- current users should use Gitlab.com.
 
In general, we are restricting new accounts on code.nsnam.org to maintainers who need commit access to the main repositories.  Going forward, we encourage other developers who want to host or stage code to use hosted services such as https://github.com (git) or https://bitbucket.org (mercurial).
 
== Mercurial repository layout for code.nsnam.org ==
 
These instructions pertain to users of code.nsnam.org who wish to host private repositories such as http://code.nsnam.org/tomh/ns-3-simple-wireless.


# In your home dir on code.nsnam.org, you will find a new directory named "<code>repositories/username</code>". e.g.: <code>/home/tomh/repositories/tomh</code>.  If you create a repository in this directory, it will appear automatically on http://code.nsnam.org
# In your home dir on code.nsnam.org, you will find a new directory named "<code>repositories/username</code>". e.g.: <code>/home/tomh/repositories/tomh</code>.  If you create a repository in this directory, it will appear automatically on http://code.nsnam.org
#* Note:  To enable this for new users, edit /var/www/cgi-hg/hgweb.config
# You can ssh and rsync to your personal account and manage these repositories
# You can obviously ssh to your personal account and manage these repositories
# You can push to these repositories with the command such as: <code>hg push ssh://tomh@code.nsnam.org/repositories/tomh/ns-3-simple-wireless</code>
# You can push to these repositories with the command: <code>hg push ssh://tomh@code.nsnam.org/repositories/tomh/ns-3-com</code>
# You can pull with the usual commands: <code>hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/tomh/ns-3-simple-wireless</code>
# You can pull with the usual commands: <code>hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/tomh/ns-3-com</code>
# If you want to have shared non-mainline repositories (e.g. the 'laa' or 'dcf' users), we can create a user by that name and add multiple public keys to that account.
# If you want to allow another user to push into your repository, all you have to do is change the unix permissions of your repository to allow this user write permissions. This means that if you want to give everyone write permissions, you can "<code>chmod -R g +rw /home/tomh/repositories/tomh/ns-3-com/</code>". If you want to allow only a smaller subset of users to push, we will need to create unix group which matches this subset
# The push command for the main tree is still: <code>hg push ssh://code@code.nsnam.org/repos/ns-3-dev</code>
# The push command for the main tree is still: <code>hg push ssh://code@code.nsnam.org/repos/ns-3-dev</code>
# '''New developers, please read this:'''  When creating a new repository, do not "hg clone" it into your directory on code.nsnam.org (which will generate a big ns-commits mail message); instead, just copy (cp -r) or rsync it to your local "/home/username/repositories/username" directory.
# '''New developers on code.nsnam.org, please read this:'''  When creating a new repository, do not "hg clone" it into your repositories directory on code.nsnam.org (which will generate a big ns-commits mail message); instead, just copy (cp -r) or rsync it to your local "/home/username/repositories/username" directory. Recommended steps:
##  <code>cp -rp /home/code/repos/ns-3-dev /path/to/my/repositories/ns-3-feature-name</code>
## edit the .hgrc file in your new <code>ns-3-feature-name</code> repository
## check that the <code>Description</code> and <code>Contact</code> fields for this new repository are correct by browsing http://code.nsnam.org


=== Mercurial tips ===
== General mercurial tips ==


# '''How to undo a commit''':  Let's suppose you are working on a private repository and you check something in, but some other files were inadvertently checked in, and you want to revert and start over.  There are two ways to do this:
# '''How to undo a commit''':  Let's suppose you are working on a private repository and you check something in, but some other files were inadvertently checked in, and you want to revert and start over.  There are two ways to do this:
## <code>hg revert</code>:  This can be used to revert the repository to a previous revision number.  For example, to revert to changeset number #1000, type <code>hg revert -r 1000 --all</code>.  This does '''not''' remove your checkin from the repository history.  For example, if your mistaken checkin was number 1001, and you revert back to 1000 and then commit, you will be at changeset number 1002 now even though the code matches what was in there at changeset 1000.
## <code>hg revert</code>:  This can be used to revert the repository to a previous revision number.  For example, to revert to changeset number #1000, type <code>hg revert -r 1000 --all</code>.  This does '''not''' remove your checkin from the repository history.  For example, if your mistaken checkin was number 1001, and you revert back to 1000 and then commit, you will be at changeset number 1002 now even though the code matches what was in there at changeset 1000.
## <code>hg rollback</code>:  This can be used to completely wipe clean the last transaction only (commit, import, push, pull).  Use with care-- cannot be undone.   
## <code>hg rollback</code>:  This can be used to completely wipe clean the last transaction only (commit, import, push, pull).  Use with care-- cannot be undone.   
# '''How to rename a file''':  <code>hg rename old-file-name new-file-name</code>  This is preferable to adding the new file name and removing the old file name, because it preserves revision history.  Don't forget to commit once you are done.
# '''How to restore repository to the tip''':  Sometimes you want to just clean the repository of your local changes, to restore back to the last tip of the repository.  This can be done globally or file-by-file.
## Globally:  <code>hg update -C</code> (will restore _all_ tracked files to the last committed version; will leave untracked files untouched)
## Per-file:  <code>hg revert filename</code> (replace 'filename' with the path to the file of interest).
# '''How to rename a file''':  <code>hg rename old-file-name new-file-name</code>  This is preferable to adding the new file name and removing the old file name, because it preserves revision history.  Don't forget to commit after a rename once you are done.
# '''How to merge a branch''':  If you have forked a branch repository, have worked on it, and are ready to merge it back to ns-3-dev, here are the steps to take (Also, read [http://hgbook.red-bean.com/hgbookch3.html this chapter] to better understand how the mercurial source tree is structured when merging is occurring):
# '''How to merge a branch''':  If you have forked a branch repository, have worked on it, and are ready to merge it back to ns-3-dev, here are the steps to take (Also, read [http://hgbook.red-bean.com/hgbookch3.html this chapter] to better understand how the mercurial source tree is structured when merging is occurring):
##''cd into your branch''
##''cd into your branch''
Line 26: Line 43:
##<code>hg push ssh://code@code.nsnam.org/repos/ns-3-dev</code>
##<code>hg push ssh://code@code.nsnam.org/repos/ns-3-dev</code>
# '''How to create patches for circulation''': <code>hg export tip</code> Suppose you don't have write access to the main repositories, but have some patches you'd like to circulate.  This command outputs out all the diffs for the latest changeset you committed into your local repository.  Simply redirect this output to a file, and you can circulate your patch for consideration.  This is for when you have committed changesets.  If you would like to export uncommitted changes as a patch, use: <code>hg diff</code> This gets the diffs of all the uncommitted changes versus what is checked into the repository.  Redirect to a file for circulation among developers, or for inclusion with a bug report, etc.
# '''How to create patches for circulation''': <code>hg export tip</code> Suppose you don't have write access to the main repositories, but have some patches you'd like to circulate.  This command outputs out all the diffs for the latest changeset you committed into your local repository.  Simply redirect this output to a file, and you can circulate your patch for consideration.  This is for when you have committed changesets.  If you would like to export uncommitted changes as a patch, use: <code>hg diff</code> This gets the diffs of all the uncommitted changes versus what is checked into the repository.  Redirect to a file for circulation among developers, or for inclusion with a bug report, etc.
# '''Save a push URL so that you don't need to enter it each time''': If you are tired of having to specify the same ssh URL each time when you go to push, you can specify a default push location in the branch's local hgrc.
##''cd into your branch''
##<code>vi .hg/hgrc</code>
##''add the following line to the [paths] section''
##<code>default-push = ssh://username@code.nsnam.org/repositories/username/ns-3-reponame</code>
##<code>hg push</code> should now "just work" without the URL
# '''How to fix two-headed repositories''':  Note, please never check in code by forcing it (with hg push -f option).  This will cause the repository to have multiple heads.  If the repository ends up with two heads, this can fix it:
##<code>hg merge</code>
##<code>hg commit -m"merge two heads"</code>
##<code>hg push ... </code>
# '''Don't use named branches''': that is, never do "<code>hg branch</code>" nor "<code>hg push --new-branch</code>"


== The WAF build system ==
== The WAF build system ==
'''Note:''' Waf was removed in favor of CMake in release 3.36.
See also the [http://www.nsnam.org/wiki/index.php/User_FAQ#WAF_.28new_build_process.29 Waf User FAQ].
See also the [http://www.nsnam.org/wiki/index.php/User_FAQ#WAF_.28new_build_process.29 Waf User FAQ].


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=== Documentation resources ===
=== Documentation resources ===
There is some incomplete documentation near the bottom of the [http://freehackers.org/~tnagy/waf.html WAF home page].  Some useful tips can be found in the [http://code.google.com/p/waf/w/list WAF Wiki].  Finally, there is a plethora of examples distributed in WAF itself, in the 'demos' directory.
There is a [http://freehackers.org/~tnagy/wafbook/index.html WAF book].  Some useful tips can be found in the [http://code.google.com/p/waf/w/list WAF Wiki].  Finally, there is a plethora of examples distributed in WAF itself, in the 'demos' directory.


=== How to add new ns-3 modules ===
=== How to add new ns-3 modules ===


Ns-3 is organized as a set of ''modules''.  Each module is built as a set of object files, has a name, may depend on other modules, and installs a specific set of ''public header files''.
Ns-3 is organized as a set of ''modules''.  Each module is built as a set of object files, has a name, may depend on other modules, and installs a specific set of ''public header files''.
Starting with version 3.11, ns-3 went to a modular directory structure.  The following chapter in the ns-3 Manual shows how to add a module in the new directory structure:
:[http://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.13/manual/html/new-modules.html Adding a New Module to ns-3 (version 3.11 or later)]
If you are using a version of ns-3 earlier than 3.11, then follow the instructions in this FAQ.


To add a new ns-3 module to the WAF build system, begin by creating a directory under the <code>src/</code> subtree, with the source files inside.  We will use ''p2p'' module as example here.  Each module needs to define a <code>wscript</code> file.  For instance let us see what <code>src/devices/point-to-point/wscript</code> contains:
To add a new ns-3 module to the WAF build system, begin by creating a directory under the <code>src/</code> subtree, with the source files inside.  We will use ''p2p'' module as example here.  Each module needs to define a <code>wscript</code> file.  For instance let us see what <code>src/devices/point-to-point/wscript</code> contains:
Line 89: Line 126:
== Generating new python bindings ==
== Generating new python bindings ==


See the [http://www.nsnam.org/wiki/index.php/NS-3_Python_Bindings ns-3 python wiki page].
See the [https://www.nsnam.org/docs/manual/html/python.html ns-3 python documentation].
 
== Release Process ==
 
[[Release Process]]
 
== Mercurial ==
 
* Adrian Tam's [http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/QuickReferenceCardsAndCheatSheets mercurial cheatsheet]
* [http://wiki.pylonshq.com/display/pylonscookbook/Mercurial+for+Subversion+Users Mercurial for subversion users]
 
=== Your .hgrc file ===
 
Each mercurial checkin is made by a user.  If there is no .hgrc configuration file in the user's home directory, mercurial will default to using the accountname@hostname.  This leads to commit lines like the following:
 
  changeset:  7:e53ac3c458e9
  user:        tomh@powerbook.local
 
To avoid this, and have it print something nicer, like
 
  changeset:  7:e53ac3c458e9
  user:        Tom Henderson <tomh@tomh.org>
 
you need to add an .hgrc file to your home directory, such as follows:
 
  [ui]
  username = Tom Henderson <tomh@tomh.org>
 
or, for each checkin, you will need to specify the user string manually, such as:
 
  hg commit -u"Tom Henderson <tomh@tomh.org>" -m"commit message"
 
If you want to commit a change on behalf of another user, such as attributing a bug fix to the original author, you can use the above -u command to override what is in your .hgrc file
 
=== Avoid named branches ===
 
Mercurial has a feature called a [http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/NamedBranches named branch].  These are not the same as git branches; they are permanent symbolic names in the repository, and do not want them propagating to the main repository.  Here is a discussion on this feature:  http://mercurial.808500.n3.nabble.com/Closed-branch-push-behavior-td3562689.html
 
The workflow that we recommend for working on new features is to clone new repositories instead of using named branches.
 
Also, no one but the release manager should create a mercurial tag and check it into ns-3-dev.
 
Some named branches were inadvertently merged to ns-3-dev around May 2013.  If you have a private repository that is tracking ns-3-dev, you may get this error message:
 
  abort:  push creates new remote branches:  coverity, ptl,...
 
To get past this, one must use the --new-branch option such as:
 
  hg push --new-branch ssh://code.nsnam.org/repositories/tomh/ns-3-lr-wpan
 
== Coding style ==
 
Of course, you need to follow the ns-3 coding style: http://www.nsnam.org/developers/contributing-code/coding-style/


== Submitting patches for consideration ==
=== If you use emacs ===
 
All ns-3 files include this:
<pre>
/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
</pre>


When you send a tree without a detailed summary of your changes, it would help if you could send a list of the changesets you want to merge.  To generate it, first merge with ns-3-dev and then, from your modified directory, run "hg outgoing -p http://code.nsnam.org/ns-3-dev"
The "gnu" indentation style mostly conforms to the ns3 coding guidelines, but has a few quirks. One of these is that code after "namespace ns3 {" is indented, while the ns3 coding style says it should not. One workaround is typing the following command for every open buffer:
<pre>
C-c C-o innamespace <ret> 0 <ret>
</pre>
Fixing this issue permanently would require using a different modeline, as discussed [http://www.nabble.com/emacs-indentation-innamespace-td22802271.html in this thread].


Also, avoid spurious coding style and whitespace changes when preparing such a patch, as it distracts from the readability of your proposed technical changes.
=== If you use VIM ===


If you use VIM you should add the following lines to your ~/.vimrc:
If you use VIM you should add the following lines to your ~/.vimrc:
Line 113: Line 211:
let c_no_curly_error=1
let c_no_curly_error=1
let c_comment_strings=1
let c_comment_strings=1
let c_gnu=
let c_gnu=1
</pre>
 
== Submitting patches for consideration ==
 
The best way to submit a patch for consideration is to request a patch review:
 
# download http://codereview.appspot.com/static/upload.py
# record the changes you want to request a review for in a mercurial repository: "hg commit ..."
# within the mercurial repository, run upload.py to submit a review with http://codereview.appspot.com/. Make sure you specify ns-3-reviews@googlegroups.com as a CC.
# paste your review request on http://www.nsnam.org/wiki/index.php/Reviews
# announce your review request on ns-developers
 
When you send a tree without a detailed summary of your changes, it would help if you could send a list of the changesets you want to merge.  To generate it, first merge with ns-3-dev and then, from your modified directory, run "hg outgoing -p http://code.nsnam.org/ns-3-dev"
 
Also, avoid spurious coding style and whitespace changes when preparing such a patch, as it distracts from the readability of your proposed technical changes.
 
If you already pulled changes from ns-3-dev into your private repository after you started doing your private modifications, there is an issue to be considered. upload.py does not let you specify a range of revisions, nor a set of changesets. So if you just run upload.py in your private repository, also the changesets pulled from ns-3-dev will be published on codereview, which is of course not desirable.
 
A possible workaround is to pull your changes into a temporary repository which is an up-to-date clone of ns-3-dev. The following code should do the trick. This code assumes that your private repository is in path DEV_BRANCH_WITH_NEW_FEATURE, and that it is in sync with ns-3-dev.
 
<pre>
hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/ns-3-dev ns-3-tmp
cd ns-3-tmp
export REVNO=`hg tip -q | sed 's/:.*$//'`
hg pull DEV_BRANCH_WITH_NEW_FEATURE
hg merge
hg commit -m "merged new feature"
upload.py --rev=$REVNO --cc=ns-3-reviews@googlegroups.com
</pre>
</pre>


== Checking in code ==
== Checking in code ==


just before you do a checkin you should run the regression testsChange into the top level directory and type
This is mainly for maintainers who want to commit their code, or patches from others, to <code>ns-3-dev</code> or other mainline repositories.
 
=== General guidelines ===
 
Subscribe to ns-bugs mailing list, if you haven't already, so that you get the bug tracker notifications.
 
Please maintain a valid .hgrc in your home directory so that the proper username can be added to your commits.  Here is an example of a minimal one that provides a username for commit messages:
 
  [ui]
  username = John Doe <john.doe@example.com>
 
Please always update your code to the tip of ns-3-dev before checking in.  Never force a push (which creates another head on the repository); actually, creating multiple heads is now disabled on the server and the push will fail.  If someone else pushed something before you got a chance to perform your push, you will need to pull those changes, resolve any possible conflicts, merge, and then push. Also don't push with "--new-branch" ([http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/ns-developers/2013-May/011169.html the use of ''named branches'' is not allowed]).
 
Before checking in code, it is good practice to pull from ns-3-dev and deal with any merge issues in advance:


   ./waf --regression
   cd ns-3-dev
  hg pull -u
 
Once you think you have code to commit (or after you have done a bunch of small commits), it is good practice to run the test suite:
 
  ./test.py
 
Depending on the intrusiveness and nature of your patch, you may want to go further with your testing, including testing debug, optimized, and static versions, generating new python bindings, and running test.py with the -g option for valgrind.
 
When you are ready to push upstream, it is good practice to review the outgoing changesets.  This can be done with the following command:
 
  hg outgoing -v
 
If this looks good, the command to check in code is:
 
  hg push ssh://code@code.nsnam.org/repos/ns-3-dev
 
If it fails because you forgot to do an update before this step, you will need to:
 
  hg pull
  hg update
  hg commit -m "branch merge"
  ./test.py  (make sure you didn't break anything)
  hg push ssh://code@code.nsnam.org/repos/ns-3-dev
 
If your commit closes a bug in the bugzilla database, please label the commit with the bug number, note the resultant hexidecimal changelog ID, and mark the bug as RESOLVED FIXED and list the changelog ID in the tracker entry. e.g.:
 
  hg commit -m "bug 1365:  unused variable declaration of a private data member"
 
=== merging vs. rebasing ===
 
Mercurial does not have a native [https://git-scm.com/docs/git-rebase rebase feature] like git (or if it does, we do not use it).  As a result, you can be working on some code for commit to ns-3-dev, get it all ready to push, and find that the tip of <code>ns-3-dev</code> has evolved since you forked.  So you cannot push immediately; you would create two heads (which is forbidden).  What to do?
 
# (preferred):  Manually rebase on the latest ns-3-dev.  That is, export your changeset or changesets to patch files, checkout a fresh ns-3-dev, and try to import (or patch and merge) your changesets.  This tends to keep the mainline tree history very linear, which helps future maintainers. This can be very simple if you are trying to push just one changeset.  Let's assume that you committed one patch and have one outgoing changeset (<code>hg outgoing -v</code> shows one changeset).  You can try:
## <code> hg export tip > my-changeset.patch</code> (this extracts your changeset with commit string intact)
## <code> hg rollback</code> (this undoes the last commit
## <code> hg pull -u</code> (this syncs your ns-3-dev to code.nsnam.org)
## <code> hg import my-changeset.patch</code> (this reapplies your patch on top of the tip)
## <code> hg outgoing -v</code> (everything look OK still?)
## <code> hg push ssh://code@code.nsnam.org/repos/ns-3-dev</code> (should work now)
# (alternative):  Merge and resolve.  That is, perform a 'hg pull -u' onto your local copy (with outgoing changesets), and one of two things will happen.
## ''simply merge heads.'' If the new changesets are orthogonal to yours, update will succeed, and you'll have to do a <code>hg commit -m"merge heads"</code> commit to merge the two heads into one.  Then, you can try to <code>hg push</code> again.
## ''resolve conflicts and merge.''  If the update fails, you will have to work through the merge conflicts and commit the changes, merging also the two heads.  This can be messy.
 
=== When to commit ===
 
When is it OK to commit code (from a bugzilla patch, or from a code review)?
* If you are the maintainer of an existing module, you can commit changes when you want, as long as you coordinate with the release manager (if it is close to a release or code freeze date).
* If you are not the maintainer (e.g. your patch touches other modules too), please obtain +1 from the maintainer if the change is not trivial.  You may have to remind him or her about it; if you do not get a response, email the release manager.
* If you would like to add a new module, or to commit to a module that does not have a maintainer, it usually should have some review by core maintainers.  Email the release manager for help.
* When in doubt, email the release manager.
 
=== Checking in patches from other users ===
 
If you as a maintainer check in a patch authored by someone else, it is good practice to credit them in the commit message using the --user or -u option to hg; e.g.:
 
  hg commit -m"...commit message..." -u"Another User <another.user@example.com>"
 
You can sometimes find the appropriate user string by searching the hg log for their previous commits; e.g.
 
  hg log | grep <username>
 
Reference:  http://www.gnu.org/prep/maintain/html_node/Recording-Contributors.html
 
If the author of the patch is a first-time author, please ask in private email beforehand whether he or she is comfortable with the commit string (name and email address) that you choose.  The reason is that people may want a specific email address (e.g. a non-work address, or a work address) to exist in the commit string.
 
=== Checking that you don't introduce regressions or leaks ===
 
Before you do a checkin that is somewhat intrusive, you should run the ns-3 tests.  Make sure that you have valgrind installed, and change into the top level directory and type
 
  ./test.py -g


If you do this, you will see a bunch of passing tests and then, if something goes wrong:
If you do this, you will see a bunch of passing tests and then, if something goes wrong:


   Traces differ in test: test-tcp-large-transfer
   FAIL: TestSuite test-tcp-large-transfer
  Reference traces in directory: regression/ns-3-dev-ref-traces/tcp-large-transfer.ref
 
  Traces in directory: traces
Sometimes you will commit something that will fail on another regression buildslave (e.g. clang raises a warning that gcc does not).  If you have access to both clang and gcc, it is good to check beforehand; if not, don't worry, another maintainer will try to clean it.
  Rerun regression test as: "./waf --regression --regression-tests=test-tcp-large-transfer"
 
  Then do "diff -u regression/ns-3-dev-ref-traces/tcp-large-transfer.ref regression/traces" for details
=== Updating python bindings ===
  ----------
 
   FAIL test-tcp-large-transfer
Python bindings are kept loosely synchronized with ns-3-dev. Additions to the public API do not require a bindings rescan immediately; they should not break the build.  Changes to the public API, however, will typically break the bindings compilation.
 
We tend to prefer to keep the bindings update in a separate changeset, to make the C++ changes more readable in the codebase.  That is, if you introduce a C++ API change in one changeset, commit it first, and then do the Python rescan and commit any changed bindings as a separate commit.
 
At the moment (Oct. 2016), the bindings scanning process is limited to gcc-4 machines (there is an open bug on moving this over to CastXML).  If this is a problem for you (i.e. your commit breaks the bindings but you don't have an easy facility to regenerate them), coordinate with Tom or Tommaso about the rescanning.
 
=== Commit message formatting ===
 
Going forward, we prefer to follow the conventions adapted from http://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/
 
# Separate subject from body with a blank line
# Limit the subject line to 60 characters
# Capitalize the subject line
# Do not end the subject line with a period
# Use the imperative mood in the subject line
# Wrap the body at 72 characters
# Use the body to explain what and why vs. how
 
For the subject line, if the module name and bug number can be succinctly included, they may preface the subject string.  The module name is lowercase as per the directory name, followed by a colon.  If the commit closes a bug, it may parenthetically mention that bug, and use the '#' character.  If it purely affects documentation or logging in a module, it can have '(documentation)' added.  Documentation, logging, and doxygen-only commits outside of a module may be identified with 'documentation:' tag, and the build system with 'waf:'  Examples:
 
   sixlowpan: (fixes #2272) Allow NetDevice to send packets larger than MTU


Now, this "failure" is most likely due to someone checking in a change that changed tcp behavior.
  sixlowpan: (documentation) Complete doxygen on input/output parameters


If you make a change and break the regression output, you'll need to update the reference traces for the new behavior. All you have to do is to run the individual regression test:
  documentation: Update RELEASE_NOTES and CHANGES.html
  ./waf --regression --regression-tests=test-tcp-large-transfer
and then copy the traces generated in the regression/traces directory over to the ns-3-dev-ref-traces directory, and check them in there once you are sure that they are OK.


You need to verify that the new traces are what you expect to see given your change. If you don't expect to see any changes, you may have
  waf: Update Waf to 1.8.12
a real regression and you'll need to debug it.


Assuming that the new traces represent new expected behavior, you just need to push the new bits into the ns-3-dev-ref-traces repository.
If the subject doesn't fit neatly into one of these categories, use your judgement within the 60 character limit.


   cd ns-3-dev-ref-traces
Here is an example with both subject and body:
   hg push ssh://code@code.nsnam.org//home/code/repos/ns-3-dev-ref-traces
 
<pre>
  Summarize changes in around 60 characters or less
 
  More detailed explanatory text, if necessary. Wrap it to about 72
  characters or so. In some contexts, the first line is treated as the
  subject of the commit and the rest of the text as the body. The
  blank line separating the summary from the body is critical (unless
  you omit the body entirely); various tools like `log`, `shortlog`
  and `rebase` can get confused if you run the two together.
 
  Explain the problem that this commit is solving. Focus on why you
  are making this change as opposed to how (the code explains that).
  Are there side effects or other unintuitive consequences of this
   change? Here's the place to explain them.
 
  Further paragraphs come after blank lines.
 
  - Bullet points are okay, too
 
  - Typically a hyphen or asterisk is used for the bullet, preceded
    by a single space, with blank lines in between, but conventions
    vary here
 
  If you use an issue tracker, put references to them at the bottom,
  like this:
 
  Resolves: #123
  See also: #456, #789
</pre>
 
=== Logging your changes in the release notes ===
 
The project maintains two files for tracking changes to the codebase.  As you check in changes to the code that fix bugs, add features, or change the existing behavior of the simulator, you should also update these files.
 
# ''CHANGES.html'':  Used to log changes to the build system, new API, changes to existing API, and changed behavior.
# ''RELEASE_NOTES'':  Summarize new user-visible features and bugs fixed.
 
These files may both be updated, or maybe only one is updated for a given changeset.  For instance, if you change the API on a class, you might add a simple bullet "Changed API for class X to improve ability to do Y" to RELEASE_NOTES, but add more detail about exactly which signatures changed in the CHANGES.html file.  If the change is trivial (e.g. adding missing Doxygen), there is no need to edit these files. 
 
Please update these files when you make changes to ns-3-dev rather than relying on the release manager later documenting them.
 
=== Fixing a bug from the Bugzilla tracker ===
 
Q.  What I should do when a bug will be fixed (send a mail to the mailing list, write some comment to bugzilla, other ) ?
 
A. The typical thing to do is:
 
* check in the bug fix to ns-3-dev with a commit message that indicates the bug number, such as "bug 903: TapBridge doesn't close cleanly".  If the patch was created by a user, you can use their name and email in the mercurial commit userstring.
 
* remember what the changeset number is; Mercurial provides both a local sequential integer, and a global hexadecimal value; e.g.
 
   changeset:  1763:4624d5aba98f
                 
* mark the bug as "Resolved, Fixed" in Bugzilla, with a comment such as "fixed in changset 4624d5aba98f", or "fixed in changeset 1763:4624d5aba98f".  Bugzilla will notify the ns-bugs mailing list of the fix, and the ns-commits list will be notified of the checkin.
 
== Using gcov and lcov code coverage tools ==
 
Here is a brief howto for using the [http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php lcov] front-end to gcc's code coverage tool [http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html gcov]
 
A custom version of lcov and its associated tools (geninfo, genhtml) is stored in the directory utils/lcov/, and this is the version that waf uses to run lcov.  As of ns-3.13, the version of lcov in ns-3 is lcov-1.9, with geninfo patched to deal with [http://old.nabble.com/-Ltp-coverage--lcov-hangs-td28514226.html this branching bug]. 
 
* '''Note (Oct. 10, 2017):'''  Please see https://www.nsnam.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2799 about recent problems with running lcov-report through Waf; you may be better to run lcov directly on the coverage files, as described in the bug report.
 
You probably also need to have a version of lcovrc file installed somewhere (either at /etc/lcovrc or ~/.lcovrc).  The easiest way to do this is to install lcov from your package manager; e.g.
  sudo apt-get install lcov
or install it from source.  But just be aware that waf will use the version that is maintained in the utils/lcov/ directory.
 
Then, for instance, to see the coverage of the ns-3 test suite, type:
 
  ./waf configure --enable-gcov --enable-examples --enable-tests
  ./test.py
  ./waf --lcov-report
 
You will find a file "index.html" in the directory build/debug-gcov/lcov-report/ that you can look at with your browser.
 
Note that if you want to test coverage of another program, you will want to zero the counters for lcov.  You can't presently do this from within waf but you can run this command from your top-level ns-3 directory:
 
  utils/lcov/lcov --directory build --zerocounters
 
and it should report:
 
  Deleting all .da files in build and subdirectories
  Done.


== The preferred way to create a private repository ==
== The preferred way to create a private repository ==
Line 161: Line 470:
   description = alice's new feature
   description = alice's new feature
   contact = <alice@example.com>
   contact = <alice@example.com>
Next, check that your repository shows up properly on the [http://code.nsnam.org/?sort=lastchange web page]. 
At this point, you are done with the code server, and you can perform "hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/alice/ns-3-dev-new-feature" on your local machine.


'''Note:''' A common minor problem is if you do an "hg clone" into the new directory instead of a "cp -r", there will be a huge ns-commits mail message generated.  This is why "cp -r" is preferred way to do this.
'''Note:''' A common minor problem is if you do an "hg clone" into the new directory instead of a "cp -r", there will be a huge ns-commits mail message generated.  This is why "cp -r" is preferred way to do this.
== Testing code on nsnam.org hosts ==
Some times a compilation error can only reproduced in certain architectures.  nsnam.org has some machines that can be accessed remotely for testing purposes, if you have an appropriate account.  Contact Tom Henderson if you need an account.
=== Full Suite ===
Note that this takes several hours to run.  It puts a specified branch through its paces on several machines/architectures.  You can specify a branch to test and a notification email address where you will receive a report about how the branch performed in the tests (SUCCESS or FAILURE).
$ ssh ns-regression.ee.washington.edu
$ sudo -u nsnam bash
$ cd /usr/local/bin/
$ ./ns-3-run-tests.sh -h
usage: ./ns-3-run-tests.sh options
This script runs the ns-3 branch through the ns-regression testbed.
OPTIONS:
  -h Help:  show this message
  -n ns-3 branch  Default:  ns-3-dev
  -m mailto address.  Where to send the mail.  If unspecified, program output will just scroll onto stdout.
$ ./ns-3-run-tests.sh -n mathieu/ns-3-simu -m someone@wherever.com
=== Ubuntu x86_64 ===
ssh ns-regression.ee.washington.edu
=== Mac OS X PowerPC ===
ssh ns-regression.ee.washington.edu
sudo -u nsnam bash
<enter your password>
ssh darwin-ppc
== Adding a buildslave to our BuildBot ==
The ns-3 project uses BuildBot to test the ns-3-dev build daily.  The buildmaster resides on a server at the University of Washington.  Currently, we use several buildslaves running Fedora Core 10 with different versions of gcc as well as a Mac OS X PPC machine.  For a quick snapshot of the current buildslaves in use, please see the buildbot [http://ns-regression.ee.washington.edu:8010/waterfall waterfall].
If you would like to see another buildslave, for example mingw or cygwin, and you have a machine to donate daily cycles, please complete the following steps:
# Install buildbot using a package manager or installing from source: [http://buildbot.net/trac/wiki/DownloadInstall download]
# When creating the buildslave, you will need to provide a slavename and password.  Note that you will have to send us this name and password.  You also need the hostname and port of our buildmaster: ns-regression.ee.washington.edu:9989
# Follow the buildbot manual to setup a buildslave: [http://buildbot.net/buildbot/docs/0.8.1/Creating-a-buildslave.html creating a buildslave]
# Send John Abraham <john.abraham@gatech.edu> an email with your buildslave name and password, and we will update the buildmaster configuration to accept connections from your buildslave.
To change the buildmaster master script, edit master.cfg and then 'make reconfig' in the /home/buildmaster/master directory.
To restart buildbot on ns-regression:
  su buildmaster
  cd /home/buildmaster
  /usr/bin/buildbot start master

Latest revision as of 18:14, 19 April 2022

Main Page - Roadmap - Summer Projects - Project Ideas - Developer FAQ - Tools - Related Projects

HOWTOs - Installation - Troubleshooting - User FAQ - Samples - Models - Education - Contributed Code - Papers

This FAQ is for developers who have accounts on the server code.nsnam.org, and for maintainers.

Warning to readers: This info is really out of date and should be cleaned up/cleaned out. In the meantime, please review the Sphinx documentation maintained here, especially the contributing guide: https://www.nsnam.org/documentation/development-tree/

New accounts on code.nsnam.org

Node: code.nsnam.org is now legacy Mercurial server-- current users should use Gitlab.com.

In general, we are restricting new accounts on code.nsnam.org to maintainers who need commit access to the main repositories. Going forward, we encourage other developers who want to host or stage code to use hosted services such as https://github.com (git) or https://bitbucket.org (mercurial).

Mercurial repository layout for code.nsnam.org

These instructions pertain to users of code.nsnam.org who wish to host private repositories such as http://code.nsnam.org/tomh/ns-3-simple-wireless.

  1. In your home dir on code.nsnam.org, you will find a new directory named "repositories/username". e.g.: /home/tomh/repositories/tomh. If you create a repository in this directory, it will appear automatically on http://code.nsnam.org
  2. You can ssh and rsync to your personal account and manage these repositories
  3. You can push to these repositories with the command such as: hg push ssh://tomh@code.nsnam.org/repositories/tomh/ns-3-simple-wireless
  4. You can pull with the usual commands: hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/tomh/ns-3-simple-wireless
  5. If you want to have shared non-mainline repositories (e.g. the 'laa' or 'dcf' users), we can create a user by that name and add multiple public keys to that account.
  6. The push command for the main tree is still: hg push ssh://code@code.nsnam.org/repos/ns-3-dev
  7. New developers on code.nsnam.org, please read this: When creating a new repository, do not "hg clone" it into your repositories directory on code.nsnam.org (which will generate a big ns-commits mail message); instead, just copy (cp -r) or rsync it to your local "/home/username/repositories/username" directory. Recommended steps:
    1. cp -rp /home/code/repos/ns-3-dev /path/to/my/repositories/ns-3-feature-name
    2. edit the .hgrc file in your new ns-3-feature-name repository
    3. check that the Description and Contact fields for this new repository are correct by browsing http://code.nsnam.org

General mercurial tips

  1. How to undo a commit: Let's suppose you are working on a private repository and you check something in, but some other files were inadvertently checked in, and you want to revert and start over. There are two ways to do this:
    1. hg revert: This can be used to revert the repository to a previous revision number. For example, to revert to changeset number #1000, type hg revert -r 1000 --all. This does not remove your checkin from the repository history. For example, if your mistaken checkin was number 1001, and you revert back to 1000 and then commit, you will be at changeset number 1002 now even though the code matches what was in there at changeset 1000.
    2. hg rollback: This can be used to completely wipe clean the last transaction only (commit, import, push, pull). Use with care-- cannot be undone.
  2. How to restore repository to the tip: Sometimes you want to just clean the repository of your local changes, to restore back to the last tip of the repository. This can be done globally or file-by-file.
    1. Globally: hg update -C (will restore _all_ tracked files to the last committed version; will leave untracked files untouched)
    2. Per-file: hg revert filename (replace 'filename' with the path to the file of interest).
  3. How to rename a file: hg rename old-file-name new-file-name This is preferable to adding the new file name and removing the old file name, because it preserves revision history. Don't forget to commit after a rename once you are done.
  4. How to merge a branch: If you have forked a branch repository, have worked on it, and are ready to merge it back to ns-3-dev, here are the steps to take (Also, read this chapter to better understand how the mercurial source tree is structured when merging is occurring):
    1. cd into your branch
    2. hg pull http://code.nsnam.org/ns-3-dev
    3. hg merge
    4. resolve all of the merge issues, if any, and confirm that it builds and validates
    5. hg ci -m"merge your-branch-name with tip"
    6. hg push ssh://code@code.nsnam.org/repos/ns-3-dev
  5. How to create patches for circulation: hg export tip Suppose you don't have write access to the main repositories, but have some patches you'd like to circulate. This command outputs out all the diffs for the latest changeset you committed into your local repository. Simply redirect this output to a file, and you can circulate your patch for consideration. This is for when you have committed changesets. If you would like to export uncommitted changes as a patch, use: hg diff This gets the diffs of all the uncommitted changes versus what is checked into the repository. Redirect to a file for circulation among developers, or for inclusion with a bug report, etc.
  6. Save a push URL so that you don't need to enter it each time: If you are tired of having to specify the same ssh URL each time when you go to push, you can specify a default push location in the branch's local hgrc.
    1. cd into your branch
    2. vi .hg/hgrc
    3. add the following line to the [paths] section
    4. default-push = ssh://username@code.nsnam.org/repositories/username/ns-3-reponame
    5. hg push should now "just work" without the URL
  7. How to fix two-headed repositories: Note, please never check in code by forcing it (with hg push -f option). This will cause the repository to have multiple heads. If the repository ends up with two heads, this can fix it:
    1. hg merge
    2. hg commit -m"merge two heads"
    3. hg push ...
  8. Don't use named branches: that is, never do "hg branch" nor "hg push --new-branch"

The WAF build system

Note: Waf was removed in favor of CMake in release 3.36.

See also the Waf User FAQ.

Obtaining WAF

A snapshot of WAF is distributed with ns-3 releases and mercurial branches. This snapshopt has been tested to work correctly with ns-3, although the trunk version from the main WAF repository usually works equally well.

Documentation resources

There is a WAF book. Some useful tips can be found in the WAF Wiki. Finally, there is a plethora of examples distributed in WAF itself, in the 'demos' directory.

How to add new ns-3 modules

Ns-3 is organized as a set of modules. Each module is built as a set of object files, has a name, may depend on other modules, and installs a specific set of public header files.

Starting with version 3.11, ns-3 went to a modular directory structure. The following chapter in the ns-3 Manual shows how to add a module in the new directory structure:

Adding a New Module to ns-3 (version 3.11 or later)

If you are using a version of ns-3 earlier than 3.11, then follow the instructions in this FAQ.

To add a new ns-3 module to the WAF build system, begin by creating a directory under the src/ subtree, with the source files inside. We will use p2p module as example here. Each module needs to define a wscript file. For instance let us see what src/devices/point-to-point/wscript contains:

## -*- Mode: python; py-indent-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; coding: utf-8; -*-

def build(bld):
    module = bld.create_ns3_module('point-to-point', ['node'])
    module.source = [
        'point-to-point-net-device.cc',
        'point-to-point-channel.cc',
        'point-to-point-topology.cc',
        ]
    headers = bld.create_obj('ns3header')
    headers.module = 'point-to-point'
    headers.source = [
        'point-to-point-net-device.h',
        'point-to-point-channel.h',
        'point-to-point-topology.h',
        ]

A wscript file is basically a special python module. The main entry point to this module is the build(bld) python function.

In the code above, the module variable represents a ns-3 module; internally it is a WAF 'objects' build object that will be linked to be come part of the ns3 library. It is created by calling a special method bld.create_ns3_module, whose first parameter is the name of the module, and the second parameter is a list of other modules that this module depends on. Additionally, module.sources has to be set to the list of source files (excluding header files) that constitute the module. Warning: beware that the name of the module must match the name of the directory where it is built. In this case, the module is in 'src/devices/point-to-point', so the module name must be 'point-to-point'.

There is usually also a headers object. It is used to declare public header files. These files are copied to the build directory, and can be included from any module or program with #include "ns3/header-name.h".

A final step, after the wscript file is created, is to register it. Open the file src/wscript and add the new module to the all_modules list variable:

all_modules = (
    'core',
    'common',
    'simulator',
    'node',
    'internet-node',
    'devices/point-to-point', # <---- example here
    'applications',
    )

Adding programs

Use the special method bld.create_ns3_program(name, [...dependencies...]). Example:

    obj = bld.create_ns3_program('main-simple',
                                 ['node', 'internet-node', 'applications'])
    obj.source = 'main-simple.cc'

Generating new python bindings

See the ns-3 python documentation.

Release Process

Release Process

Mercurial

Your .hgrc file

Each mercurial checkin is made by a user. If there is no .hgrc configuration file in the user's home directory, mercurial will default to using the accountname@hostname. This leads to commit lines like the following:

 changeset:   7:e53ac3c458e9
 user:        tomh@powerbook.local

To avoid this, and have it print something nicer, like

 changeset:   7:e53ac3c458e9
 user:        Tom Henderson <tomh@tomh.org>

you need to add an .hgrc file to your home directory, such as follows:

 [ui]
 username = Tom Henderson <tomh@tomh.org>

or, for each checkin, you will need to specify the user string manually, such as:

 hg commit -u"Tom Henderson <tomh@tomh.org>" -m"commit message"

If you want to commit a change on behalf of another user, such as attributing a bug fix to the original author, you can use the above -u command to override what is in your .hgrc file

Avoid named branches

Mercurial has a feature called a named branch. These are not the same as git branches; they are permanent symbolic names in the repository, and do not want them propagating to the main repository. Here is a discussion on this feature: http://mercurial.808500.n3.nabble.com/Closed-branch-push-behavior-td3562689.html

The workflow that we recommend for working on new features is to clone new repositories instead of using named branches.

Also, no one but the release manager should create a mercurial tag and check it into ns-3-dev.

Some named branches were inadvertently merged to ns-3-dev around May 2013. If you have a private repository that is tracking ns-3-dev, you may get this error message:

 abort:  push creates new remote branches:  coverity, ptl,...

To get past this, one must use the --new-branch option such as:

 hg push --new-branch ssh://code.nsnam.org/repositories/tomh/ns-3-lr-wpan

Coding style

Of course, you need to follow the ns-3 coding style: http://www.nsnam.org/developers/contributing-code/coding-style/

If you use emacs

All ns-3 files include this:

/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */

The "gnu" indentation style mostly conforms to the ns3 coding guidelines, but has a few quirks. One of these is that code after "namespace ns3 {" is indented, while the ns3 coding style says it should not. One workaround is typing the following command for every open buffer:

C-c C-o innamespace <ret> 0 <ret>

Fixing this issue permanently would require using a different modeline, as discussed in this thread.

If you use VIM

If you use VIM you should add the following lines to your ~/.vimrc:

set ts=2
set sw=2
set sta
set et
set ai
set si
set cin

And the following lines to realize white space errors (trailing white spaces):

let c_no_bracket_error=1
let c_no_curly_error=1
let c_comment_strings=1
let c_gnu=1

Submitting patches for consideration

The best way to submit a patch for consideration is to request a patch review:

  1. download http://codereview.appspot.com/static/upload.py
  2. record the changes you want to request a review for in a mercurial repository: "hg commit ..."
  3. within the mercurial repository, run upload.py to submit a review with http://codereview.appspot.com/. Make sure you specify ns-3-reviews@googlegroups.com as a CC.
  4. paste your review request on http://www.nsnam.org/wiki/index.php/Reviews
  5. announce your review request on ns-developers

When you send a tree without a detailed summary of your changes, it would help if you could send a list of the changesets you want to merge. To generate it, first merge with ns-3-dev and then, from your modified directory, run "hg outgoing -p http://code.nsnam.org/ns-3-dev"

Also, avoid spurious coding style and whitespace changes when preparing such a patch, as it distracts from the readability of your proposed technical changes.

If you already pulled changes from ns-3-dev into your private repository after you started doing your private modifications, there is an issue to be considered. upload.py does not let you specify a range of revisions, nor a set of changesets. So if you just run upload.py in your private repository, also the changesets pulled from ns-3-dev will be published on codereview, which is of course not desirable.

A possible workaround is to pull your changes into a temporary repository which is an up-to-date clone of ns-3-dev. The following code should do the trick. This code assumes that your private repository is in path DEV_BRANCH_WITH_NEW_FEATURE, and that it is in sync with ns-3-dev.

hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/ns-3-dev ns-3-tmp
cd ns-3-tmp
export REVNO=`hg tip -q | sed 's/:.*$//'`
hg pull DEV_BRANCH_WITH_NEW_FEATURE
hg merge
hg commit -m "merged new feature"
upload.py --rev=$REVNO --cc=ns-3-reviews@googlegroups.com 

Checking in code

This is mainly for maintainers who want to commit their code, or patches from others, to ns-3-dev or other mainline repositories.

General guidelines

Subscribe to ns-bugs mailing list, if you haven't already, so that you get the bug tracker notifications.

Please maintain a valid .hgrc in your home directory so that the proper username can be added to your commits. Here is an example of a minimal one that provides a username for commit messages:

 [ui]
 username = John Doe <john.doe@example.com>

Please always update your code to the tip of ns-3-dev before checking in. Never force a push (which creates another head on the repository); actually, creating multiple heads is now disabled on the server and the push will fail. If someone else pushed something before you got a chance to perform your push, you will need to pull those changes, resolve any possible conflicts, merge, and then push. Also don't push with "--new-branch" (the use of named branches is not allowed).

Before checking in code, it is good practice to pull from ns-3-dev and deal with any merge issues in advance:

 cd ns-3-dev
 hg pull -u

Once you think you have code to commit (or after you have done a bunch of small commits), it is good practice to run the test suite:

 ./test.py

Depending on the intrusiveness and nature of your patch, you may want to go further with your testing, including testing debug, optimized, and static versions, generating new python bindings, and running test.py with the -g option for valgrind.

When you are ready to push upstream, it is good practice to review the outgoing changesets. This can be done with the following command:

 hg outgoing -v

If this looks good, the command to check in code is:

 hg push ssh://code@code.nsnam.org/repos/ns-3-dev

If it fails because you forgot to do an update before this step, you will need to:

 hg pull
 hg update
 hg commit -m "branch merge"
 ./test.py   (make sure you didn't break anything)
 hg push ssh://code@code.nsnam.org/repos/ns-3-dev

If your commit closes a bug in the bugzilla database, please label the commit with the bug number, note the resultant hexidecimal changelog ID, and mark the bug as RESOLVED FIXED and list the changelog ID in the tracker entry. e.g.:

 hg commit -m "bug 1365:  unused variable declaration of a private data member"

merging vs. rebasing

Mercurial does not have a native rebase feature like git (or if it does, we do not use it). As a result, you can be working on some code for commit to ns-3-dev, get it all ready to push, and find that the tip of ns-3-dev has evolved since you forked. So you cannot push immediately; you would create two heads (which is forbidden). What to do?

  1. (preferred): Manually rebase on the latest ns-3-dev. That is, export your changeset or changesets to patch files, checkout a fresh ns-3-dev, and try to import (or patch and merge) your changesets. This tends to keep the mainline tree history very linear, which helps future maintainers. This can be very simple if you are trying to push just one changeset. Let's assume that you committed one patch and have one outgoing changeset (hg outgoing -v shows one changeset). You can try:
    1. hg export tip > my-changeset.patch (this extracts your changeset with commit string intact)
    2. hg rollback (this undoes the last commit
    3. hg pull -u (this syncs your ns-3-dev to code.nsnam.org)
    4. hg import my-changeset.patch (this reapplies your patch on top of the tip)
    5. hg outgoing -v (everything look OK still?)
    6. hg push ssh://code@code.nsnam.org/repos/ns-3-dev (should work now)
  2. (alternative): Merge and resolve. That is, perform a 'hg pull -u' onto your local copy (with outgoing changesets), and one of two things will happen.
    1. simply merge heads. If the new changesets are orthogonal to yours, update will succeed, and you'll have to do a hg commit -m"merge heads" commit to merge the two heads into one. Then, you can try to hg push again.
    2. resolve conflicts and merge. If the update fails, you will have to work through the merge conflicts and commit the changes, merging also the two heads. This can be messy.

When to commit

When is it OK to commit code (from a bugzilla patch, or from a code review)?

  • If you are the maintainer of an existing module, you can commit changes when you want, as long as you coordinate with the release manager (if it is close to a release or code freeze date).
  • If you are not the maintainer (e.g. your patch touches other modules too), please obtain +1 from the maintainer if the change is not trivial. You may have to remind him or her about it; if you do not get a response, email the release manager.
  • If you would like to add a new module, or to commit to a module that does not have a maintainer, it usually should have some review by core maintainers. Email the release manager for help.
  • When in doubt, email the release manager.

Checking in patches from other users

If you as a maintainer check in a patch authored by someone else, it is good practice to credit them in the commit message using the --user or -u option to hg; e.g.:

 hg commit -m"...commit message..." -u"Another User <another.user@example.com>"

You can sometimes find the appropriate user string by searching the hg log for their previous commits; e.g.

 hg log | grep <username>

Reference: http://www.gnu.org/prep/maintain/html_node/Recording-Contributors.html

If the author of the patch is a first-time author, please ask in private email beforehand whether he or she is comfortable with the commit string (name and email address) that you choose. The reason is that people may want a specific email address (e.g. a non-work address, or a work address) to exist in the commit string.

Checking that you don't introduce regressions or leaks

Before you do a checkin that is somewhat intrusive, you should run the ns-3 tests. Make sure that you have valgrind installed, and change into the top level directory and type

 ./test.py -g

If you do this, you will see a bunch of passing tests and then, if something goes wrong:

 FAIL: TestSuite test-tcp-large-transfer

Sometimes you will commit something that will fail on another regression buildslave (e.g. clang raises a warning that gcc does not). If you have access to both clang and gcc, it is good to check beforehand; if not, don't worry, another maintainer will try to clean it.

Updating python bindings

Python bindings are kept loosely synchronized with ns-3-dev. Additions to the public API do not require a bindings rescan immediately; they should not break the build. Changes to the public API, however, will typically break the bindings compilation.

We tend to prefer to keep the bindings update in a separate changeset, to make the C++ changes more readable in the codebase. That is, if you introduce a C++ API change in one changeset, commit it first, and then do the Python rescan and commit any changed bindings as a separate commit.

At the moment (Oct. 2016), the bindings scanning process is limited to gcc-4 machines (there is an open bug on moving this over to CastXML). If this is a problem for you (i.e. your commit breaks the bindings but you don't have an easy facility to regenerate them), coordinate with Tom or Tommaso about the rescanning.

Commit message formatting

Going forward, we prefer to follow the conventions adapted from http://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/

  1. Separate subject from body with a blank line
  2. Limit the subject line to 60 characters
  3. Capitalize the subject line
  4. Do not end the subject line with a period
  5. Use the imperative mood in the subject line
  6. Wrap the body at 72 characters
  7. Use the body to explain what and why vs. how

For the subject line, if the module name and bug number can be succinctly included, they may preface the subject string. The module name is lowercase as per the directory name, followed by a colon. If the commit closes a bug, it may parenthetically mention that bug, and use the '#' character. If it purely affects documentation or logging in a module, it can have '(documentation)' added. Documentation, logging, and doxygen-only commits outside of a module may be identified with 'documentation:' tag, and the build system with 'waf:' Examples:

 sixlowpan: (fixes #2272) Allow NetDevice to send packets larger than MTU
 sixlowpan: (documentation) Complete doxygen on input/output parameters
 documentation:  Update RELEASE_NOTES and CHANGES.html
 waf: Update Waf to 1.8.12

If the subject doesn't fit neatly into one of these categories, use your judgement within the 60 character limit.

Here is an example with both subject and body:

  Summarize changes in around 60 characters or less

  More detailed explanatory text, if necessary. Wrap it to about 72
  characters or so. In some contexts, the first line is treated as the
  subject of the commit and the rest of the text as the body. The
  blank line separating the summary from the body is critical (unless
  you omit the body entirely); various tools like `log`, `shortlog`
  and `rebase` can get confused if you run the two together.

  Explain the problem that this commit is solving. Focus on why you
  are making this change as opposed to how (the code explains that).
  Are there side effects or other unintuitive consequences of this
  change? Here's the place to explain them.
  
  Further paragraphs come after blank lines.

   - Bullet points are okay, too

   - Typically a hyphen or asterisk is used for the bullet, preceded
     by a single space, with blank lines in between, but conventions
     vary here

  If you use an issue tracker, put references to them at the bottom,
  like this:

  Resolves: #123
  See also: #456, #789

Logging your changes in the release notes

The project maintains two files for tracking changes to the codebase. As you check in changes to the code that fix bugs, add features, or change the existing behavior of the simulator, you should also update these files.

  1. CHANGES.html: Used to log changes to the build system, new API, changes to existing API, and changed behavior.
  2. RELEASE_NOTES: Summarize new user-visible features and bugs fixed.

These files may both be updated, or maybe only one is updated for a given changeset. For instance, if you change the API on a class, you might add a simple bullet "Changed API for class X to improve ability to do Y" to RELEASE_NOTES, but add more detail about exactly which signatures changed in the CHANGES.html file. If the change is trivial (e.g. adding missing Doxygen), there is no need to edit these files.

Please update these files when you make changes to ns-3-dev rather than relying on the release manager later documenting them.

Fixing a bug from the Bugzilla tracker

Q. What I should do when a bug will be fixed (send a mail to the mailing list, write some comment to bugzilla, other ) ?

A. The typical thing to do is:

  • check in the bug fix to ns-3-dev with a commit message that indicates the bug number, such as "bug 903: TapBridge doesn't close cleanly". If the patch was created by a user, you can use their name and email in the mercurial commit userstring.
  • remember what the changeset number is; Mercurial provides both a local sequential integer, and a global hexadecimal value; e.g.
 changeset:   1763:4624d5aba98f
                  
  • mark the bug as "Resolved, Fixed" in Bugzilla, with a comment such as "fixed in changset 4624d5aba98f", or "fixed in changeset 1763:4624d5aba98f". Bugzilla will notify the ns-bugs mailing list of the fix, and the ns-commits list will be notified of the checkin.

Using gcov and lcov code coverage tools

Here is a brief howto for using the lcov front-end to gcc's code coverage tool gcov

A custom version of lcov and its associated tools (geninfo, genhtml) is stored in the directory utils/lcov/, and this is the version that waf uses to run lcov. As of ns-3.13, the version of lcov in ns-3 is lcov-1.9, with geninfo patched to deal with this branching bug.

You probably also need to have a version of lcovrc file installed somewhere (either at /etc/lcovrc or ~/.lcovrc). The easiest way to do this is to install lcov from your package manager; e.g.

 sudo apt-get install lcov

or install it from source. But just be aware that waf will use the version that is maintained in the utils/lcov/ directory.

Then, for instance, to see the coverage of the ns-3 test suite, type:

 ./waf configure --enable-gcov --enable-examples --enable-tests
 ./test.py
 ./waf --lcov-report

You will find a file "index.html" in the directory build/debug-gcov/lcov-report/ that you can look at with your browser.

Note that if you want to test coverage of another program, you will want to zero the counters for lcov. You can't presently do this from within waf but you can run this command from your top-level ns-3 directory:

 utils/lcov/lcov --directory build --zerocounters

and it should report:

 Deleting all .da files in build and subdirectories
 Done.

The preferred way to create a private repository

Let's say that developer "alice" wants to create a new repository "ns-3-dev-new-feature" that will exist on the code server as alice/ns-3-dev-new-feature. Suppose she wants to fork from the tip of ns-3-dev.

 cd /home/alice/repositories/alice
 cp -r /home/code/repos/ns-3-dev ns-3-dev-new-feature
 cd ns-3-dev-new-feature/.hg

At this point, edit the "hgrc" file to provide contact/description information:

 [paths]
 default = http://code.nsnam.org/alice/ns-3-dev-new-feature
 [web]
 description = alice's new feature
 contact = <alice@example.com>

Next, check that your repository shows up properly on the web page.

At this point, you are done with the code server, and you can perform "hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/alice/ns-3-dev-new-feature" on your local machine.

Note: A common minor problem is if you do an "hg clone" into the new directory instead of a "cp -r", there will be a huge ns-commits mail message generated. This is why "cp -r" is preferred way to do this.

Testing code on nsnam.org hosts

Some times a compilation error can only reproduced in certain architectures. nsnam.org has some machines that can be accessed remotely for testing purposes, if you have an appropriate account. Contact Tom Henderson if you need an account.

Full Suite

Note that this takes several hours to run. It puts a specified branch through its paces on several machines/architectures. You can specify a branch to test and a notification email address where you will receive a report about how the branch performed in the tests (SUCCESS or FAILURE).

$ ssh ns-regression.ee.washington.edu
$ sudo -u nsnam bash
$ cd /usr/local/bin/
$ ./ns-3-run-tests.sh -h
usage: ./ns-3-run-tests.sh options

This script runs the ns-3 branch through the ns-regression testbed.
OPTIONS:
 -h Help:  show this message
 -n ns-3 branch  Default:  ns-3-dev
 -m mailto address.  Where to send the mail.  If unspecified, program output will just scroll onto stdout.
$ ./ns-3-run-tests.sh -n mathieu/ns-3-simu -m someone@wherever.com

Ubuntu x86_64

ssh ns-regression.ee.washington.edu

Mac OS X PowerPC

ssh ns-regression.ee.washington.edu
sudo -u nsnam bash
<enter your password>
ssh darwin-ppc

Adding a buildslave to our BuildBot

The ns-3 project uses BuildBot to test the ns-3-dev build daily. The buildmaster resides on a server at the University of Washington. Currently, we use several buildslaves running Fedora Core 10 with different versions of gcc as well as a Mac OS X PPC machine. For a quick snapshot of the current buildslaves in use, please see the buildbot waterfall.

If you would like to see another buildslave, for example mingw or cygwin, and you have a machine to donate daily cycles, please complete the following steps:

  1. Install buildbot using a package manager or installing from source: download
  2. When creating the buildslave, you will need to provide a slavename and password. Note that you will have to send us this name and password. You also need the hostname and port of our buildmaster: ns-regression.ee.washington.edu:9989
  3. Follow the buildbot manual to setup a buildslave: creating a buildslave
  4. Send John Abraham <john.abraham@gatech.edu> an email with your buildslave name and password, and we will update the buildmaster configuration to accept connections from your buildslave.

To change the buildmaster master script, edit master.cfg and then 'make reconfig' in the /home/buildmaster/master directory.

To restart buildbot on ns-regression:

 su buildmaster
 cd /home/buildmaster
 /usr/bin/buildbot start master