txop.h

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2005 INRIA
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * Author: Mathieu Lacage <mathieu.lacage@sophia.inria.fr>
 */
 
#ifndef TXOP_H
#define TXOP_H
 
#include "wifi-mac-header.h"
 
#include "ns3/nstime.h"
#include "ns3/object.h"
#include "ns3/traced-value.h"
#include "ns3/uniform-random-bit-generator.h"
 
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
 
#define WIFI_TXOP_NS_LOG_APPEND_CONTEXT                                                            \
    if (m_mac)                                                                                     \
    {                                                                                              \
        std::clog << "[mac=" << m_mac->GetAddress() << "] ";                                       \
    }
 
class EmlsrUlTxopTest;
 
namespace ns3
{
 
class Packet;
class ChannelAccessManager;
class MacTxMiddle;
class WifiMode;
class WifiMacQueue;
class WifiMpdu;
class UniformRandomVariable;
class CtrlBAckResponseHeader;
class WifiMac;
enum WifiMacDropReason : uint8_t; // opaque enum declaration
 
/**
 * \brief Handle packet fragmentation and retransmissions
 * for data and management frames.
 * \ingroup wifi
 *
 * This class implements the packet fragmentation and
 * retransmission policy for data and management frames.
 * It uses the ns3::ChannelAccessManager helper
 * class to decide when to send a packet.
 * Packets are stored in a ns3::WifiMacQueue
 * until they can be sent.
 *
 * The policy currently implemented uses a simple fragmentation
 * threshold: any packet bigger than this threshold is fragmented
 * in fragments whose size is smaller than the threshold.
 *
 * The retransmission policy is also very simple: every packet is
 * retransmitted until it is either successfully transmitted or
 * it has been retransmitted up until the SSRC or SLRC thresholds.
 *
 * The RTS/CTS policy is similar to the fragmentation policy: when
 * a packet is bigger than a threshold, the RTS/CTS protocol is used.
 */
 
class Txop : public Object
{
  public:
    Txop();
 
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * \param queue the wifi MAC queue
     */
    Txop(Ptr<WifiMacQueue> queue);
 
    ~Txop() override;
 
    /**
     * \brief Get the type ID.
     * \return the object TypeId
     */
    static TypeId GetTypeId();
 
    /**
     * typedef for a callback to invoke when an MPDU is dropped.
     */
    typedef Callback<void, WifiMacDropReason, Ptr<const WifiMpdu>> DroppedMpdu;
 
    /**
     * Enumeration for channel access status
     */
    enum ChannelAccessStatus
    {
        NOT_REQUESTED = 0,
        REQUESTED,
        GRANTED
    };
 
    /**
     * Check for QoS TXOP.
     *
     * \returns true if QoS TXOP.
     */
    virtual bool IsQosTxop() const;
 
    /**
     * Set the wifi MAC this Txop is associated to.
     *
     * \param mac associated wifi MAC
     */
    virtual void SetWifiMac(const Ptr<WifiMac> mac);
    /**
     * Set MacTxMiddle this Txop is associated to.
     *
     * \param txMiddle MacTxMiddle to associate.
     */
    void SetTxMiddle(const Ptr<MacTxMiddle> txMiddle);
 
    /**
     * \param callback the callback to invoke when an MPDU is dropped
     */
    virtual void SetDroppedMpduCallback(DroppedMpdu callback);
 
    /**
     * Return the packet queue associated with this Txop.
     *
     * \return the associated WifiMacQueue
     */
    Ptr<WifiMacQueue> GetWifiMacQueue() const;
 
    /**
     * Set the minimum contention window size. For 11be multi-link devices,
     * set the minimum contention window size on the first link.
     *
     * \param minCw the minimum contention window size.
     */
    void SetMinCw(uint32_t minCw);
    /**
     * Set the minimum contention window size for each link.
     * Note that the size of <i>minCws</i> must match the number
     * of links.
     *
     * \param minCws the minimum contention window size values.
     */
    void SetMinCws(std::vector<uint32_t> minCws);
    /**
     * Set the minimum contention window size for the given link.
     *
     * \param minCw the minimum contention window size.
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    void SetMinCw(uint32_t minCw, uint8_t linkId);
    /**
     * Set the maximum contention window size. For 11be multi-link devices,
     * set the maximum contention window size on the first link.
     *
     * \param maxCw the maximum contention window size.
     */
    void SetMaxCw(uint32_t maxCw);
    /**
     * Set the maximum contention window size for each link.
     * Note that the size of <i>maxCws</i> must match the number
     * of links.
     *
     * \param maxCws the maximum contention window size values.
     */
    void SetMaxCws(std::vector<uint32_t> maxCws);
    /**
     * Set the maximum contention window size for the given link.
     *
     * \param maxCw the maximum contention window size.
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    void SetMaxCw(uint32_t maxCw, uint8_t linkId);
    /**
     * Set the number of slots that make up an AIFS. For 11be multi-link devices,
     * set the number of slots that make up an AIFS on the first link.
     *
     * \param aifsn the number of slots that make up an AIFS.
     */
    void SetAifsn(uint8_t aifsn);
    /**
     * Set the number of slots that make up an AIFS for each link.
     * Note that the size of <i>aifsns</i> must match the number
     * of links.
     *
     * \param aifsns the number of slots that make up an AIFS for each link.
     */
    void SetAifsns(std::vector<uint8_t> aifsns);
    /**
     * Set the number of slots that make up an AIFS for the given link.
     *
     * \param aifsn the number of slots that make up an AIFS.
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    void SetAifsn(uint8_t aifsn, uint8_t linkId);
    /**
     * Set the TXOP limit.
     *
     * \param txopLimit the TXOP limit.
     *        Value zero corresponds to default Txop.
     */
    void SetTxopLimit(Time txopLimit);
    /**
     * Set the TXOP limit for each link.
     * Note that the size of <i>txopLimits</i> must match the number
     * of links.
     *
     * \param txopLimits the TXOP limit for each link.
     */
    void SetTxopLimits(const std::vector<Time>& txopLimits);
    /**
     * Set the TXOP limit for the given link.
     *
     * \param txopLimit the TXOP limit.
     *        Value zero corresponds to default Txop.
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    void SetTxopLimit(Time txopLimit, uint8_t linkId);
    /**
     * Return the minimum contention window size. For 11be multi-link devices,
     * return the minimum contention window size on the first link.
     *
     * \return the minimum contention window size.
     */
    uint32_t GetMinCw() const;
    /**
     * Return the minimum contention window size for each link.
     *
     * \return the minimum contention window size values.
     */
    std::vector<uint32_t> GetMinCws() const;
    /**
     * Return the minimum contention window size for the given link.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     * \return the minimum contention window size.
     */
    virtual uint32_t GetMinCw(uint8_t linkId) const;
    /**
     * Return the maximum contention window size. For 11be multi-link devices,
     * return the maximum contention window size on the first link.
     *
     * \return the maximum contention window size.
     */
    uint32_t GetMaxCw() const;
    /**
     * Return the maximum contention window size for each link.
     *
     * \return the maximum contention window size values.
     */
    std::vector<uint32_t> GetMaxCws() const;
    /**
     * Return the maximum contention window size for the given link.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     * \return the maximum contention window size.
     */
    virtual uint32_t GetMaxCw(uint8_t linkId) const;
    /**
     * Return the number of slots that make up an AIFS. For 11be multi-link devices,
     * return the number of slots that make up an AIFS on the first link.
     *
     * \return the number of slots that make up an AIFS.
     */
    uint8_t GetAifsn() const;
    /**
     * Return the number of slots that make up an AIFS for each link.
     *
     * \return the number of slots that make up an AIFS for each link.
     */
    std::vector<uint8_t> GetAifsns() const;
    /**
     * Return the number of slots that make up an AIFS for the given link.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     * \return the number of slots that make up an AIFS.
     */
    virtual uint8_t GetAifsn(uint8_t linkId) const;
    /**
     * Return the TXOP limit.
     *
     * \return the TXOP limit.
     */
    Time GetTxopLimit() const;
    /**
     * Return the TXOP limit for each link.
     *
     * \return the TXOP limit for each link.
     */
    std::vector<Time> GetTxopLimits() const;
    /**
     * Return the TXOP limit for the given link.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     * \return the TXOP limit.
     */
    Time GetTxopLimit(uint8_t linkId) const;
    /**
     * Update the value of the CW variable for the given link to take into account
     * a transmission success or a transmission abort (stop transmission
     * of a packet after the maximum number of retransmissions has been
     * reached). By default, this resets the CW variable to minCW.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    void ResetCw(uint8_t linkId);
    /**
     * Update the value of the CW variable for the given link to take into account
     * a transmission failure. By default, this triggers a doubling
     * of CW (capped by maxCW).
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    void UpdateFailedCw(uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * Notify that the given link switched to sleep mode.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    virtual void NotifySleep(uint8_t linkId);
    /**
     * When off operation occurs, the queue gets cleaned up.
     */
    virtual void NotifyOff();
    /**
     * When wake up operation occurs on a link, channel access on that link
     * will be restarted.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the link
     */
    virtual void NotifyWakeUp(uint8_t linkId);
    /**
     * When on operation occurs, channel access will be started.
     */
    virtual void NotifyOn();
 
    /* Event handlers */
    /**
     * \param packet packet to send.
     * \param hdr header of packet to send.
     *
     * Store the packet in the internal queue until it
     * can be sent safely.
     */
    virtual void Queue(Ptr<Packet> packet, const WifiMacHeader& hdr);
    /**
     * \param mpdu the given MPDU
     *
     * Store the given MPDU in the internal queue until it
     * can be sent safely.
     */
    virtual void Queue(Ptr<WifiMpdu> mpdu);
 
    /**
     * Called by the FrameExchangeManager to notify that channel access has
     * been granted on the given link for the given amount of time.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     * \param txopDuration the duration of the TXOP gained (zero for DCF)
     */
    virtual void NotifyChannelAccessed(uint8_t linkId, Time txopDuration = Seconds(0));
    /**
     * Called by the FrameExchangeManager to notify the completion of the transmissions.
     * This method generates a new backoff and restarts access if needed.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the link the FrameExchangeManager is operating on
     */
    virtual void NotifyChannelReleased(uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * Assign a fixed random variable stream number to the random variables
     * used by this model. Return the number of streams (possibly zero) that
     * have been assigned.
     *
     * \param stream first stream index to use.
     *
     * \return the number of stream indices assigned by this model.
     */
    int64_t AssignStreams(int64_t stream);
 
    /**
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     * \return the current channel access status for the given link
     */
    virtual ChannelAccessStatus GetAccessStatus(uint8_t linkId) const;
 
    /**
     * Request channel access on the given link after the occurrence of an event that possibly
     * requires to generate a new backoff value. Examples of such an event are: a packet has been
     * enqueued by the upper layer; the given link has been unblocked after being blocked for some
     * reason (e.g., wait for ADDBA Response, wait for TX on another EMLSR link to finish, etc.);
     * the PHY operating on the given link just woke up from sleep mode. The <i>checkMediumBusy</i>
     * argument is forwarded to the NeedBackoffUponAccess method of the ChannelAccessManager.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     * \param hadFramesToTransmit whether packets available for transmission were queued just
     *                            before the occurrence of the event causing this channel access
     *                            request
     * \param checkMediumBusy whether generation of backoff (also) depends on the busy/idle state
     *                        of the medium
     */
    void StartAccessAfterEvent(uint8_t linkId, bool hadFramesToTransmit, bool checkMediumBusy);
 
    static constexpr bool HAD_FRAMES_TO_TRANSMIT =
        true; //!< packets available for transmission were in the queue
    static constexpr bool DIDNT_HAVE_FRAMES_TO_TRANSMIT =
        false; //!< no packet available for transmission was in the queue
    static constexpr bool CHECK_MEDIUM_BUSY =
        true; //!< generation of backoff (also) depends on the busy/idle state of the medium
    static constexpr bool DONT_CHECK_MEDIUM_BUSY =
        false; //!< generation of backoff is independent of the busy/idle state of the medium
 
    /**
     * \param nSlots the number of slots of the backoff.
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     *
     * Start a backoff for the given link by initializing the backoff counter to
     * the number of slots specified.
     */
    void StartBackoffNow(uint32_t nSlots, uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * Check if the Txop has frames to transmit over the given link
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link.
     * \return true if the Txop has frames to transmit.
     */
    virtual bool HasFramesToTransmit(uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * Swap the links based on the information included in the given map. This method
     * is normally called by the WifiMac of a non-AP MLD upon completing ML setup to have
     * its link IDs match AP MLD's link IDs.
     *
     * \param links a set of pairs (from, to) each mapping a current link ID to the
     *              link ID it has to become (i.e., link 'from' becomes link 'to')
     */
    void SwapLinks(std::map<uint8_t, uint8_t> links);
 
  protected:
    ///< ChannelAccessManager associated class
    friend class ChannelAccessManager;
    friend class ::EmlsrUlTxopTest;
 
    void DoDispose() override;
    void DoInitialize() override;
 
    /* Txop notifications forwarded here */
    /**
     * Notify that access request has been received for the given link.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    virtual void NotifyAccessRequested(uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * Generate a new backoff for the given link now.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    virtual void GenerateBackoff(uint8_t linkId);
    /**
     * Request access to the ChannelAccessManager associated with the given link
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    void RequestAccess(uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * Get the current value of the CW variable for the given link. The initial
     * value is minCw.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     * \return the current value of the CW variable for the given link
     */
    uint32_t GetCw(uint8_t linkId) const;
    /**
     * Return the current number of backoff slots on the given link.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     * \return the current number of backoff slots
     */
    uint32_t GetBackoffSlots(uint8_t linkId) const;
    /**
     * Return the time when the backoff procedure started on the given link.
     *
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     * \return the time when the backoff procedure started
     */
    Time GetBackoffStart(uint8_t linkId) const;
    /**
     * Update backoff slots for the given link that nSlots has passed.
     *
     * \param nSlots the number of slots to decrement
     * \param backoffUpdateBound the time at which backoff should start
     * \param linkId the ID of the given link
     */
    void UpdateBackoffSlotsNow(uint32_t nSlots, Time backoffUpdateBound, uint8_t linkId);
 
    /**
     * Structure holding information specific to a single link. Here, the meaning of
     * "link" is that of the 11be amendment which introduced multi-link devices. For
     * previous amendments, only one link can be created.
     */
    struct LinkEntity
    {
        /// Destructor (a virtual method is needed to make this struct polymorphic)
        virtual ~LinkEntity() = default;
 
        uint32_t backoffSlots{0};                  //!< the number of backoff slots
        Time backoffStart{0};                      /**< the backoffStart variable is used to keep
                                                        track of the time at which a backoff was
                                                        started or the time at which the backoff
                                                        counter was last updated */
        uint32_t cw{0};                            //!< the current contention window
        uint32_t cwMin{0};                         //!< the minimum contention window
        uint32_t cwMax{0};                         //!< the maximum contention window
        uint8_t aifsn{0};                          //!< the AIFSN
        Time txopLimit{0};                         //!< the TXOP limit time
        ChannelAccessStatus access{NOT_REQUESTED}; //!< channel access status
 
        mutable class
        {
            friend void Txop::Queue(Ptr<WifiMpdu>);
            EventId event;
        } accessRequest; //!< access request event, to be used by Txop::Queue() only
    };
 
    /**
     * Get a reference to the link associated with the given ID.
     *
     * \param linkId the given link ID
     * \return a reference to the link associated with the given ID
     */
    LinkEntity& GetLink(uint8_t linkId) const;
 
    /**
     * \return a const reference to the map of link entities
     */
    const std::map<uint8_t, std::unique_ptr<LinkEntity>>& GetLinks() const;
 
    DroppedMpdu m_droppedMpduCallback;             //!< the dropped MPDU callback
    Ptr<WifiMacQueue> m_queue;                     //!< the wifi MAC queue
    Ptr<MacTxMiddle> m_txMiddle;                   //!< the MacTxMiddle
    Ptr<WifiMac> m_mac;                            //!< the wifi MAC
    Ptr<UniformRandomVariable> m_rng;              //!< the random stream
    UniformRandomBitGenerator m_shuffleLinkIdsGen; //!< random number generator to shuffle link IDs
 
    /// TracedCallback for backoff trace value typedef
    typedef TracedCallback<uint32_t /* value */, uint8_t /* linkId */> BackoffValueTracedCallback;
    /// TracedCallback for CW trace value typedef
    typedef TracedCallback<uint32_t /* value */, uint8_t /* linkId */> CwValueTracedCallback;
 
    BackoffValueTracedCallback m_backoffTrace; //!< backoff trace value
    CwValueTracedCallback m_cwTrace;           //!< CW trace value
 
  private:
    /**
     * Create a LinkEntity object.
     *
     * \return a unique pointer to the created LinkEntity object
     */
    virtual std::unique_ptr<LinkEntity> CreateLinkEntity() const;
 
    std::map<uint8_t, std::unique_ptr<LinkEntity>>
        m_links; //!< ID-indexed map of LinkEntity objects
};
 
} // namespace ns3
 
#endif /* TXOP_H */